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      Urinary macrophage counts and ratio to T lymphocytes: Possible use in differential diagnosis and management of glomerular disease

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      Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
      Wiley

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          Activated and memory T lymphocytes in human milk.

          Since activated macrophages and cytokines are found in human milk (HM), a flow cytometry study was conducted to determine whether T cells in HM display phenotypic markers of recent or previous activation. HM was collected during the first 3 d of lactation. The Paint-a-Gate program was used to optimize gating on the lymphocyte population. A mean +/- 1 SD of 4 +/- 3% of total HM leukocytes were lymphocytes and 96 +/- 3% were macrophages and granulocytes (N = 33 subjects). HM lymphocyte populations were further analyzed in five subjects. T cells (CD3+) represented 83 +/- 11% and B cells (CD19+) were 6 +/- 4% of HM lymphocytes. The mean CD4/CD8 ratio of T cells in HM was 0.88 (range 0.40-1.25). This ratio was significantly decreased compared to the peripheral blood (PB) of control adults (P less than 0.02) and postpartum women (P less than 0.02), due mostly to a significant increase in CD8+ CD3+ cells in HM compared to the PB of control adults (P less than 0.002) and postpartum women (P less than 0.05). T cells bearing markers of recent activation were significantly increased in HM compared to the PB of control adults: 85 +/- 7% of CD3+ cells in HM were HLA-DR+ (controls, 10 +/- 4%; P less than 0.001), and 15 +/- 6% of CD3+ cells in HM were IL-2R+ (controls, 6 +/- 2%; P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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            The Importance of Sample Size in the Interpretation of the Renal Biopsy

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              Macroscopic hematuria in mesangial IgA nephropathy: correlation with glomerular crescents and renal dysfunction.

              One hundred and eighty-six renal biopsy specimens from 79 adult patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy were examined and correlated with clinical data at the time of biopsy. Forty patients (group 1) with a history of macroscopic hematuria were compared with 39 patients (group 2) without such a history. Group 1 patients had a higher serum creatinine, 240 +/- 20 mumoles/liter vs. 140 +/- 10 mumoles/liter (P less than 0.01), lower creatinine clearance 69 +/- 36 ml/min vs. 87 +/- 30 ml/min (P less than 0.05), and a higher percentage of patients presenting with serum creatinine greater than 300 mumoles/liter, 22.5% vs. 5.1% (P less than 0.05). Fourteen biopsies were performed in 11 patients during an episode of macroscopic hematuria (group 1A). One hundred percent of these biopsy specimens showed crescents. Ninety-one percent of 11 biopsy specimens from ten patients (group 1B), taken 3 to 27 days following an episode but at a time when urinary red cells were less than 1,000,000/ml, also showed crescent formation. Of 14 biopsy specimens from 13 patients without macroscopic hematuria, but with greater than 1,000,000 red cells/ml in the urine just prior to biopsy (group 2A), 79% had crescents. In conclusion, macroscopic hematuria in adult patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy is associated with a high likelihood of crescents on renal biopsy specimens and worse renal function. Careful quantitative assessment of the urine for renal bleeding may help to better define the activity of disease in these patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
                J. Clin. Lab. Anal.
                Wiley
                0887-8013
                1098-2825
                1996
                1996
                : 10
                : 4
                : 205-208
                Article
                10.1002/(SICI)1098-2825(1996)10:4<205::AID-JCLA5>3.0.CO;2-8
                ddfa95be-0fbe-4e94-8a7c-41c53ef1aab2
                © 1996

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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