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      Chemoresistance Mediated by ceRNA Networks Associated With the PVT1 Locus

      review-article
      1 , 2 , * , 1
      Frontiers in Oncology
      Frontiers Media S.A.
      PVT1, lncRNA, ceRNA, miRNA, chemoresistance, carcinogenesis, 8q24, cancer

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          Abstract

          Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks have emerged as critical regulators of carcinogenesis. Their activity is mediated by various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, which competitively bind to targets, thereby modulating gene expression and activity of proteins. Of particular interest, ncRNAs encoded by the 8q24 chromosomal region are associated with the development and progression of several human cancers, most prominently lncPVT1. Chemoresistance presents a significant obstacle in the treatment of cancer and is associated with dysregulation of normal cell processes, including abnormal proliferation, differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CeRNA networks have been shown to regulate these processes via both direct sponging/repression and epigenetic mechanisms. Here we present a review of recent literature examining the contribution of ncRNAs encoded by the PVT1 locus and their associated ceRNA networks to the development of resistance to common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat human cancers.

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          Most cited references61

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          TGF-beta signal transduction.

          The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family of growth factors control the development and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has led to the elucidation of a TGF-beta signal transduction network. This network involves receptor serine/threonine kinases at the cell surface and their substrates, the SMAD proteins, which move into the nucleus, where they activate target gene transcription in association with DNA-binding partners. Distinct repertoires of receptors, SMAD proteins, and DNA-binding partners seemingly underlie, in a cell-specific manner, the multifunctional nature of TGF-beta and related factors. Mutations in these pathways are the cause of various forms of human cancer and developmental disorders.
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            The natural history of cervical HPV infection: unresolved issues.

            The identification of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types as a necessary cause of cervical cancer offers the prospect of effective primary prevention and the possibility of improving the efficiency of cervical screening programmes. However, for these opportunities to be realized, a more complete understanding of the natural history of HPV infection, and its relationship to the development of epithelial abnormalities of the cervix, is required. We discuss areas of uncertainty, and their possible effect on disease prevention strategies.
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              Osteosarcoma: a comprehensive review

              Osteosarcoma (OS) is a relatively rare tumor of bone with a worldwide incidence of 3.4 cases per million people per year. For most of the twentieth century, five-year survival rates for classic OS were very low. In the 1970s, the introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of OS increased survival rates dramatically. The current article reviews the various types of OS and analyzes the clinical and histological features. We also examine historical and current literature to present a succinct review of methods for diagnosis and staging, as well as treatment, and we also discuss some of the future directions of treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Oncol
                Front Oncol
                Front. Oncol.
                Frontiers in Oncology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2234-943X
                27 August 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 834
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York, NY, United States
                [2] 2Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University , New York, NY, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Rengyun Liu, Johns Hopkins University, United States

                Reviewed by: Jisha Antony, University of Otago, New Zealand; Konrad Huppi, National Cancer Institute (NCI), United States

                *Correspondence: Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi ogunwobi@ 123456genectr.hunter.cuny.edu

                This article was submitted to Cancer Genetics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology

                Article
                10.3389/fonc.2019.00834
                6718704
                31508377
                de1a5375-adda-4787-b0e9-f3a54a9cc30f
                Copyright © 2019 Ogunwobi and Kumar.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 22 May 2019
                : 13 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 107, Pages: 8, Words: 6563
                Funding
                Funded by: National Cancer Institute 10.13039/100000054
                Categories
                Oncology
                Mini Review

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                pvt1,lncrna,cerna,mirna,chemoresistance,carcinogenesis,8q24,cancer
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                pvt1, lncrna, cerna, mirna, chemoresistance, carcinogenesis, 8q24, cancer

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