14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares

      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

      Submit here before July 31, 2024

      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Endotoxin-Induced Renal Failure

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Endotoxin-induced hypotension and altered renal microcirculation could lead to tubular injury, particularly at the physiologically hypoxic outer medulla. We explored this hypothesis in isolated perfused kidneys and in vivo in rats subjected to endotoxemia. Rat kidneys were removed 15 min after endotoxin injection in vivo (from Escherichia coli 0127:B8, 1 mg/kg i.p.) and perfused with oxygenated medium supplemented with 20 amino acids and endotoxin. Glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction markedly declined (0.4 ± 0.1 ml/min and 1.1 ± 0.1, respectively) as compared with control kidneys (0.7 ± 0.1 ml/min and 1.8 ± 0.1, n = 8–12 per group; p < 0.05). Hypoxic injury to medullary thick ascending limbs in the innermost outer medulla increased (47 ± 9% of tubules vs. 16 ± 8% in controls, p < 0.05). When rats were preconditioned with an additional endotoxin injection 16 h earlier (a manipulation that markedly reduces cortical and medullary blood flow), glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction further declined to 0.1 ± 0.0 ml/min and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively (p < 0.01), and tubular sodium reabsorption fell to 81 ± 12 vs 98 ± 0% in controls (p < 0.05). Tubular damage, however, did not increase (20 ± 7%), probably reflecting a decline in reabsorptive workload and oxygen requirement. In rats subjected to a single or two repeated daily doses of endotoxin (1 mg/kg i.p.) plasma creatinine comparably rose 41% on the average over 24 h, creatinine clearance fell by 27% (p < 0.0001), but tubular damage was absent. By contrast, in rats preconditioned with indomethacin and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N<sup>G</sup>-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester (10 mg/kg), the addition of endotoxin markedly augmented outer medullary hypoxic tubular damage both in S<sub>3</sub> segments (27 ± 10 vs 1 ± 1%) and in medullary thick ascending limbs (38 ± 11 vs. 10 ± 5%, n = 7–8; p < 0.05). It is concluded that under special conditions, such as altered medullary oxygen balance or defective nitric oxide or prostaglandin synthesis, endotoxin may predispose to hypoxic outer medullary tubular damage.

          Related collections

          Most cited references2

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Hypoxia of the renal medulla--its implications for disease.

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found

            Endotoxin-Induced Renal Failure

            The pathogenesis of sepsis-induced renal failure is multifactorial and only partially understood. In these studies we evaluated intrarenal microcirculatory changes during endotoxemia and the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin in these changes. In anesthetized rats endotoxin infusion [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Escherichia coli serotype 0127:B8; 10 mg/kg/h] resulted in hypotension and a transient enhancement of renal blood flow, with cortical vasodilation and a loss of outer medullary vasodilatory response to hypotension. The initial cortical vasodilation was abolished by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro- L -arginine methyl ester, but not by indomethacin. Direct NO measurements disclosed a gradual rise in cortical NO, despite the waning vasodilatory effect, suggesting antagonizing vasoconstrictive stimuli. In rats pretreated by LPS (1 mg/kg i.p. 1 day earlier) the renal blood flow was reduced to 55% of that of controls. Moreover, the vasodilatory response to LPS infusion was converted into profound cortical and medullary vasoconstriction. In these preconditioned rats the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan evoked a vasodilatory response and attenuated the vasoconstrictive reaction to LPS infusion. The infusion of another LPS ( E. coli serotype 0111:B4) exerted predominant and protracted renal vasodilation without hypotension. In conclusion, different LPS exert diverse systemic and renal hemodynamic responses. The 0127:B8 serotype attenuates renal medullary vasodilation during hypotension, exerts transient cortical vasodilation, and following repeated exposure induces profound renal vasoconstriction. NO and endothelin participate in LPS-induced vascular responses that may predispose to hypoxic tubular damage.
              Bookmark

              Author and article information

              Journal
              EXN
              Nephron Exp Nephrol
              10.1159/issn.1660-2129
              Cardiorenal Medicine
              S. Karger AG
              1660-2129
              2000
              October 2000
              31 July 2000
              : 8
              : 4-5
              : 275-282
              Affiliations
              aDepartment of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, and Hebrew University Medical School and bNephrology Unit, Bikur Holim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; cDepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
              Article
              20679 Exp Nephrol 2000;8:275–282
              10.1159/000020679
              10940727
              de227920-584c-482e-a1a2-76ecddae1545
              © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

              Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

              History
              Page count
              Figures: 3, Tables: 4, References: 28, Pages: 8
              Categories
              Original Paper

              Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
              Isolated perfused kidney,Acute tubular necrosis,Endotoxin,Kidney failure, acute,Indomethacin,<italic>L</italic>-NAME,Bosentan,Hypoxia,Medullary thick ascending limb

              Comments

              Comment on this article