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      Comprehensive Evaluation of microRNA Expression Profiling Reveals the Neural Signaling Specific Cytotoxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , * , 3 , 1 , 1 , *
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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Though nanomaterials are considered as drug carriers or imaging reagents targeting the central nervous system their cytotoxicity effect on neuronal cells has not been well studied. In this study, we treated PC12 cells, a model neuronal cell line, with a nanomaterial that is widely accepted for medical use, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Our results suggest that, after treated with SPIONs, the expression pattern of the cellular miRNAs changed widely in PC12 cells. As potential miRNA targets, NMDAR, one of the candidate mRNAs that were selected using GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, was significantly down regulated by SPIONs treatment. We further illustrated that SPIONs may induce cell death through NMDAR suppression. This study revealed a NMDAR neurotoxic effect of SPIONs and provides a reliable approach for assessing the neurocytotoxic effects of nanomaterials based on the comprehensive annotation of miRNA profiling.

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          MicroRNAs in development and disease.

          Danish Sayed, Maha Abdellatif (2011)
          MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that have recently introduced an additional level of intricacy to our understanding of gene regulation. There are currently over 10,000 miRNAs that have been identified in a range of species including metazoa, mycetozoa, viridiplantae, and viruses, of which 940, to date, are found in humans. It is estimated that more than 60% of human protein-coding genes harbor miRNA target sites in their 3' untranslated region and, thus, are potentially regulated by these molecules in health and disease. This review will first briefly describe the discovery, structure, and mode of function of miRNAs in mammalian cells, before elaborating on their roles and significance during development and pathogenesis in the various mammalian organs, while attempting to reconcile their functions with our existing knowledge of their targets. Finally, we will summarize some of the advances made in utilizing miRNAs in therapeutics.
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            Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging.

            Omid Veiseh, Jonathan W. Gunn, Miqin Zhang (2010)
            Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of non-invasive imaging agents that have been developed for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These MNPs have traditionally been used for disease imaging via passive targeting, but recent advances have opened the door to cellular-specific targeting, drug delivery, and multi-modal imaging by these nanoparticles. As more elaborate MNPs are envisioned, adherence to proper design criteria (e.g. size, coating, molecular functionalization) becomes even more essential. This review summarizes the design parameters that affect MNP performance in vivo, including the physicochemical properties and nanoparticle surface modifications, such as MNP coating and targeting ligand functionalizations that can enhance MNP management of biological barriers. A careful review of the chemistries used to modify the surfaces of MNPs is also given, with attention paid to optimizing the activity of bound ligands while maintaining favorable physicochemical properties. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              A Brain Tumor Molecular Imaging Strategy Using A New Triple-Modality MRI-Photoacoustic-Raman Nanoparticle

              Moritz Kircher, Adam de la Zerda, Jesse V Jokerst … (2012)
              The vexing difficulty in delineating brain tumor margins represents a major obstacle toward better outcome of brain tumor patients. Current imaging methods are often limited by inadequate sensitivity, specificity, and spatial resolution. Here we show that a unique triple-modality Magnetic resonance imaging - Photoacoustic imaging – surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticle (MPR) can accurately help delineate the margins of brain tumors in living mice both pre- and intra-operatively. The MPRs were detected by all three modalities with at least picomolar sensitivity both in vitro and in living mice. Intravenous injection of MPRs into glioblastoma-bearing mice led to specific MPR accumulation and retention by the tumors, allowing for non-invasive tumor delineation by all three modalities through the intact skull. Raman imaging allowed guidance of intra-operative tumor resection, and histological correlation validated that Raman imaging is accurately delineating brain tumor margins. This novel triple-modality nanoparticle approach holds promise to enable more accurate brain tumor imaging and resection.
              Article 0 comments Cited 285 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bing Xu: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 March 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0121671
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
                [2 ]Institute of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
                [3 ]Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
                Brandeis University, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: BS ZDX. Performed the experiments: BS NY RL. Analyzed the data: BS RL NY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BS ZDX. Wrote the paper: BS ZDX.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-14-48051
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121671
                PMC ID: 4370573
                PubMed ID: 25798908
                SO-VID: de2dc6b6-7db7-4b7b-8ca9-6b5f93994ef7
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2015
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

                History
                Date received : 25 October 2014
                Date accepted : 3 February 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 0, Pages: 11
                Funding
                This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2012122), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 61071047), and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2013CB932902). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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