Early detection of age related macular degeneration: current status

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Early diagnosis and treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a main cause of severe vision loss in age related macular degeneration (AMD), is crucial in order to preserve vision and the quality of life of patients. This review summarizes current literature on the subject of early detection of CNV, both in the clinic setting and mainly in the patient’s home. New technologies are evolving to allow for earlier detection and thus vision preservation in AMD patients.

Related collections

Most cited references 60

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States.

Nathan Congdon, Benita J O'Colmain, Caroline C. W. Klaver … (2004)

To estimate the cause-specific prevalence and distribution of blindness and low vision in the United States by age, race/ethnicity, and gender, and to estimate the change in these prevalence figures over the next 20 years. Summary prevalence estimates of blindness (both according to the US definition of < or =6/60 [< or =20/200] best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye and the World Health Organization standard of < 6/120 [< 20/400]) and low vision (< 6/12 [< 20/40] best-corrected vision in the better-seeing eye) were prepared separately for black, Hispanic, and white persons in 5-year age intervals starting at 40 years. The estimated prevalences were based on recent population-based studies in the United States, Australia, and Europe. These estimates were applied to 2000 US Census data, and to projected US population figures for 2020, to estimate the number of Americans with visual impairment. Cause-specific prevalences of blindness and low vision were also estimated for the different racial/ethnic groups. Based on demographics from the 2000 US Census, an estimated 937 000 (0.78%) Americans older than 40 years were blind (US definition). An additional 2.4 million Americans (1.98%) had low vision. The leading cause of blindness among white persons was age-related macular degeneration (54.4% of the cases), while among black persons, cataract and glaucoma accounted for more than 60% of blindness. Cataract was the leading cause of low vision, responsible for approximately 50% of bilateral vision worse than 6/12 (20/40) among white, black, and Hispanic persons. The number of blind persons in the US is projected to increase by 70% to 1.6 million by 2020, with a similar rise projected for low vision. Blindness or low vision affects approximately 1 in 28 Americans older than 40 years. The specific causes of visual impairment, and especially blindness, vary greatly by race/ethnicity. The prevalence of visual disabilities will increase markedly during the next 20 years, owing largely to the aging of the US population.

0 comments Cited 543 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial.

Usha Chakravarthy, Simon Harding, Chris A Rogers … (2012)

To compare the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab and bevacizumab intravitreal injections to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Multicenter, noninferiority factorial trial with equal allocation to groups. The noninferiority limit was 3.5 letters. This trial is registered (ISRCTN92166560). People >50 years of age with untreated nAMD in the study eye who read ≥ 25 letters on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart. We randomized participants to 4 groups: ranibizumab or bevacizumab, given either every month (continuous) or as needed (discontinuous), with monthly review. The primary outcome is at 2 years; this paper reports a prespecified interim analysis at 1 year. The primary efficacy and safety outcome measures are distance visual acuity and arteriothrombotic events or heart failure. Other outcome measures are health-related quality of life, contrast sensitivity, near visual acuity, reading index, lesion morphology, serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and costs. Between March 27, 2008 and October 15, 2010, we randomized and treated 610 participants. One year after randomization, the comparison between bevacizumab and ranibizumab was inconclusive (bevacizumab minus ranibizumab -1.99 letters, 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.04 to 0.06). Discontinuous treatment was equivalent to continuous treatment (discontinuous minus continuous -0.35 letters; 95% CI, -2.40 to 1.70). Foveal total thickness did not differ by drug, but was 9% less with continuous treatment (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.97; P = 0.005). Fewer participants receiving bevacizumab had an arteriothrombotic event or heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.05 to 1.07; P = 0.03). There was no difference between drugs in the proportion experiencing a serious systemic adverse event (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.80 to 2.27; P = 0.25). Serum VEGF was lower with bevacizumab (GMR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.54; P<0.0001) and higher with discontinuous treatment (GMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.42; P = 0.004). Continuous and discontinuous treatment costs were £9656 and £6398 per patient per year for ranibizumab and £1654 and £1509 for bevacizumab; bevacizumab was less costly for both treatment regimens (P<0.0001). The comparison of visual acuity at 1 year between bevacizumab and ranibizumab was inconclusive. Visual acuities with continuous and discontinuous treatment were equivalent. Other outcomes are consistent with the drugs and treatment regimens having similar efficacy and safety. Proprietary or commercial disclosures may be found after the references. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 220 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Subgroup analysis of the MARINA study of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

, Robert Bhisitkul, Vidya Acharya … (2007)

An examination of clinically relevant subgroups of patients in the MARINA study of ranibizumab in treatment of minimally classic or occult with no classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was done. Objectives were to determine the effectiveness of ranibizumab across subgroups, compare the effectiveness of ranibizumab with that of sham injection within subgroups, and evaluate the relationship between selected baseline characteristics and visual acuity (VA) outcomes. Retrospective subgroup analyses of 24-month data from the MARINA study. Seven hundred sixteen patients were randomly assigned to 0.3 mg ranibizumab (n = 238), 0.5 mg ranibizumab (n = 240), or sham treatment (n = 238). Efficacy outcomes were compared across subgroups based on patients' gender, age, baseline VA score, baseline CNV lesion size, CNV lesion type, and duration of neovascular AMD using univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses were performed on the change from baseline to 24 months in VA score to assess further the correlation between baseline characteristics and VA outcome. Proportion of patients losing or =15 letters from baseline, and mean VA score change from baseline. For each of the 3 VA end points, all subgroups of ranibizumab-treated patients did better on average than the sham-treated patients. Increasing age, larger CNV lesion size at baseline, and a higher baseline VA score were all associated with greater loss of letters in the sham group or less gain of letters in the ranibizumab groups. However, the net benefit of ranibizumab versus sham treatment was greater in patients who scored higher than in those who scored lower in baseline VA. This subgroup analysis of 24-month data from the MARINA study indicates that ranibizumab treatment was associated with an average increase from baseline VA in all subgroups evaluated, and that ranibizumab treatment was superior to sham treatment across all subgroups. The most important predictors of VA outcomes were, in decreasing order of importance, baseline VA score, CNV lesion size, and age.

0 comments Cited 108 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Roy Schwartz:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3487-5713

972-36974000 , royschwartz@gmail.com

Anat Loewenstein: anatl@tlvmc.gov.il

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Retina Vitreous

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Retina Vitreous

Title: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2056-9920

Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2015

Publication date PMC-release: 1 December 2015

Publication date Collection: 2015

Volume: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 20

Affiliations

GRID grid.12136.37, ISNI 0000000419370546, Ophthalmology Division, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, , Tel Aviv University, ; 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239 Israel

Author information

Roy Schwartz http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3487-5713

Article

Publisher ID: 22

DOI: 10.1186/s40942-015-0022-7

PMC ID: 5088451

PubMed ID: 27847613

SO-VID: de36b286-0fe5-41ed-bf84-2d75e7a60f05

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 24 August 2015

Date accepted : 13 October 2015

Custom metadata

Keywords: age related macular degeneration (amd),choroidal neovascularization (cnv),early detection,oct,amsler,preferential hyperacuity perimetry (php)

Data availability:

Keywords: age related macular degeneration (amd), choroidal neovascularization (cnv), early detection, oct, amsler, preferential hyperacuity perimetry (php)

Early detection of age related macular degeneration: current status

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

ChemSpider related publications

Most cited references 60

Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States.

Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial.

Subgroup analysis of the MARINA study of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 620

Cited by 22

Most referenced authors 652