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      Persistence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Field Soil in Central Europe

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          Abstract

          Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ( Xcc) is a bacterium that causes black rot of crucifers. The greatest losses of brassica crop production usually result from seed-borne infection, but carry-over of inoculum in field soil may also be possible. The aim of this study was to monitor persistence of Xcc in field soil in central Europe using a conventional PCR assay with hrpF primers and a two-step nested real-time PCR assay using Zur primers. The work has demonstrated that nested real-time PCR can be used to improve the analytical sensitivity for detection of Xcc in soil compared to conventional PCR, and that Xcc may persist in soil for up to two years following an infected brassica crop in central European climatic conditions.

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          AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD

          I. ARMSTRONG BLACK, A. WALKLEY (1934)
          Article 0 comments Cited 970 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology.

            JOHN MANSFIELD, STEPHANE GENIN, SHIMPEI MAGORI … (2012)
            Many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. However, to our knowledge, no such list exists. The aim of this review was to survey all bacterial pathologists with an association with the journal Molecular Plant Pathology and ask them to nominate the bacterial pathogens they would place in a 'Top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. The survey generated 458 votes from the international community, and allowed the construction of a Top 10 bacterial plant pathogen list. The list includes, in rank order: (1) Pseudomonas syringae pathovars; (2) Ralstonia solanacearum; (3) Agrobacterium tumefaciens; (4) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; (5) Xanthomonas campestris pathovars; (6) Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovars; (7) Erwinia amylovora; (8) Xylella fastidiosa; (9) Dickeya (dadantii and solani); (10) Pectobacterium carotovorum (and Pectobacterium atrosepticum). Bacteria garnering honourable mentions for just missing out on the Top 10 include Clavibacter michiganensis (michiganensis and sepedonicus), Pseudomonas savastanoi and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. This review article presents a short section on each bacterium in the Top 10 list and its importance, with the intention of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant bacteriology community, as well as laying down a benchmark. It will be interesting to see, in future years, how perceptions change and which bacterial pathogens enter and leave the Top 10. © 2012 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology © 2012 BSPP and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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              Release and persistence of extracellular DNA in the environment.

              Kaare Nielsen, Pål J. Johnsen, Douda Bensasson … (2015)
              The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has called for an improved understanding of the fate of DNA in various environments, because extracellular DNA may also be important for transferring genetic information between individuals and species. Accumulating nucleotide sequence data suggest that acquisition of foreign DNA by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is of considerable importance in bacterial evolution. The uptake of extracellular DNA by natural transformation is one of several ways bacteria can acquire new genetic information given sufficient size, concentration and integrity of the DNA. We review studies on the release, breakdown and persistence of bacterial and plant DNA in soil, sediment and water, with a focus on the accessibility of the extracellular nucleic acids as substrate for competent bacteria. DNA fragments often persist over time in many environments, thereby facilitating their detection and characterization. Nevertheless, the long-term physical persistence of DNA fragments of limited size observed by PCR and Southern hybridization often contrasts with the short-term availability of extracellular DNA to competent bacteria studied in microcosms. The main factors leading to breakdown of extracellular DNA are presented. There is a need for improved methods for accurately determining the degradation routes and the persistence, integrity and potential for horizontal transfer of DNA released from various organisms throughout their lifecycles.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Denis Faure: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Microorganisms
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Microorganisms
                Journal ID (publisher-id): microorganisms
                Title: Microorganisms
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-2607
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 March 2021
                Publication date Collection: March 2021
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 591
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Mendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; jana.cechova@ 123456mendelu.cz (J.C.); ales.eichmeier@ 123456mendelu.cz (A.E.); dariusz.grzebelus@ 123456urk.edu.pl (D.G.); miroslav.baranek@ 123456mendelu.cz (M.B.)
                [2 ]Department of Fruit Science, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; xmagnus@ 123456node.mendelu.cz
                [3 ]Plant Health Solutions Ltd., 20 Beauchamp Road, Warwick CV34 5NU, UK; s.roberts@ 123456planthealth.co.uk
                [4 ]Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; rafal.baranski@ 123456urk.edu.pl
                [5 ]Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; robert.pokluda@ 123456mendelu.cz
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: filip.gazdik@ 123456zf.mendelu.cz ; Tel.: +4-20-519-367-312
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-3870
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-6401
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-3903
                Article
                Publisher ID: microorganisms-09-00591
                DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030591
                PMC ID: 8001034
                PubMed ID: 33805636
                SO-VID: de42697e-1079-46ee-9b7d-6aa1faf95f0d
                Copyright statement: © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 29 January 2021
                Date accepted : 10 March 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: brassicas,xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris,persistence,soil,detection,pcr,nested real-time pcr
                Data availability:
                Keywords: brassicas, xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, persistence, soil, detection, pcr, nested real-time pcr

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