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      Monitorización farmacocinética de niveles supraterapéuticos de adalimumab en paciente con enfermedad de Crohn Translated title: Pharmacokinetic monitoring of supratherapeutic adalimumab levels in patient with Crohn's disease

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La monitorización farmacocinética de terapias biológicas dirigidas frente al factor de necrosis tumoral-a (TNF-a) ha sido recientemente introducida en nuestro centro hospitalario gracias a la iniciativa de nuestro equipo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, formado por farmacéuticos, digestólogos y analistas clínicos, con la finalidad de optimizar la terapia en los pacientes que se mantienen en remisión clínica (monitorización “pro-activa”), o que presentan un fracaso terapéutico (monitorización “re-activa”). Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente diagnosticada de enfermedad de Crohn y en tratamiento combinado con metotrexato y adalimumab. En septiembre de 2018, adalimumab fue intensificado de forma empírica a dosis de 40 mg administrados semanalmente por la aparición de manifestaciones extradigestivas (artralgias y parestesias en miembros inferiores). En febrero de 2019, la paciente se mantenía en remisión clínica con respecto a los síntomas intestinales, pero continuaba con las manifestaciones extradigestivas y refería aftas orales recurrentes. Por este motivo, se monitorizaron los niveles séricos de adalimumab, los cuales superaron ampliamente el intervalo terapéutico recomendado (5-12 µg/ml). En este sentido, se describe el seguimiento multidisciplinar del caso clínico y el ajuste posológico realizado en base a predicciones bayesianas, principios farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos y la clínica de la paciente. La monitorización farmacocinética de los niveles supraterapéuticos de adalimumab fue una herramienta útil para la optimización de dosis de adalimumab y la valoración objetiva de reacciones adversas en esta paciente. Este caso se ha notificado al Sistema Español de Farmacovigilancia.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY The pharmacokinetic monitoring of biological therapies against tumor necrosis-a (TNF-a) was recently introduced at our hospital thanks to the initiative of our inflammatory bowel disease team, composed of specialists in pharmacology, digestive system disease, and clinical analysis. The aim of the program was to optimize the therapy delivered to patients in clinical remission (pro-active monitoring) or clinical failure (reactive monitoring). We report the case of a patient diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and under combined treatment with methotrexate and adalimumab. In September 2018, the dose of adalimumab was empirically increased to 40 mg/week due to the onset of extraintestinal manifestations (arthralgias and paraesthesias in lower limbs). In February 2019, the patient was in clinical remission with respect to the intestinal symptoms, but the extraintestinal manifestations persisted and the patient also reported anal aphthae. Consequently, serum adalimumab concentrations were monitored and found to widely exceed the recommended therapeutic interval (5-12 µg/ml). We report the multidisciplinary follow-up of the clinical case and the dosage adjustment based on Bayesian predictions, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, and the patient’s clinical situation. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of supratherapeutic adalimumab levels proved to be a useful tool to achieve the optimal dosage of this drug and to objectively evaluate the patient’s adverse reactions. The Spanish Pharmacosurveillance System has been notified of this case.

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          Most cited references9

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          A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions

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            Review article: consensus statements on therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases

            Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents can help optimise outcomes. Consensus statements based on current evidence will help the development of treatment guidelines.
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              Neurological adverse events in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy: a prospective imaging and electrophysiological study

              Introduction The aim was to investigate the frequency of neurological adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondylarthropathies (SpA) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α antagonists. Methods Seventy-seven patients eligible for anti-TNFα therapy were evaluated. There were 36 patients with RA, 41 with SpA [24 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 17 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)]. All patients had a complete physical and neurological examination. Brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurophysiological tests were performed in all patients before the initiation of anti-TNFα therapy and after a mean of 18 months or when clinical symptoms and signs indicated a neurological disease. Exclusion criteria included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, heart arrhythmias, atherothrombotic events, vitamin B12 and iron deficiency, head and neck trauma and neurological surgeries. Results Two patients did not receive anti-TNFα therapy because brain MRIs at baseline revealed lesions compatible with demyelinating diseases. Thus, 75 patients received anti-TNFα (38 infliximab, 19 adalimumab and 18 etanercept). Three patients developed neurological adverse events. A 35-year-old man with PsA after 8 months of infliximab therapy presented with paresis of the left facial nerve and brain MRI showed demyelinating lesions. Infliximab was discontinued and he was treated with pulses of corticosteroids recovering completely after two months. The second patient was a 45-year-old woman with RA who after 6 months of adalimumab therapy presented with optic neuritis. The third patient was a 50-year-old woman with AS, whom after 25 months of infliximab therapy, presented with tingling and numbness of the lower extremities and neurophysiological tests revealed peripheral neuropathy. In both patients anti-TNF were discontinued and they improved without treatment after 2 months. The rest of our patients showed no symptoms and MRIs showed no abnormalities. The estimated rate of neurological adverse events in patients treated with anti-TNF therapy is 4% (3/75). Conclusions Neurological adverse events after anti-TNFα therapy were observed in our patient. Brain MRI and neurophysiological tests are essential tools to discriminate neurological diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2020
                : 30
                : 4
                : 347-350
                Affiliations
                [1] Alcázar de San Juan Ciudad Real orgnameHospital General La Mancha-Centro orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [2] Alcázar de San Juan Ciudad Real orgnameHospital General La Mancha-Centro orgdiv1Servicio de Digestivo España
                Article
                S1699-714X2020000400016 S1699-714X(20)03000400016
                10.4321/s1699-714x2020000400016
                de68df13-77cb-495f-ba41-074aa6369293

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 December 2019
                : 29 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                adalimumab,enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal,Monitorización farmacocinética,chronic inflammatory diseases,Therapeutic drug monitoring

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