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      Efecto biocida del «barbasco» Lonchocarpus utilis (Smith,1930) como regulador de larvas de mosquitos Translated title: Biocidal effect of «barbasco» Lonchocarpus utilis (Smith,1930) as regulator of mosquitoes larvae

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          Abstract

          Se realizaron 7 bioensayos de laboratorio para evaluar la capacidad biocida de Lonchocarpus utilis (Smith,1930) «barbasco» sobre 7000 larvas de tercer y cuarto estadio de Anopheles benarrochi (Gabaldón, 1941), vector primario de malaria, en Yurimaguas y Loreto. La actividad biocida fue determinada con diferentes calidades de agua. Se procesaron las raíces frescas de L. utilis siguiendo el procedimiento utilizado por Vílchez (1993), obteniéndose como producto final un polvo fino que contiene como principio activo la rotenona. La actividad biocida, se midió con 5 dosis de polvo de la raíz diluida en agua destilada: 6,25; 3,1; 2,1; 1,0 y 0,15 g/L. Se utilizó 1 mL del homogenizado como inóculo por dosis. Para determinar la eficacia y susceptibilidad se realizaron lecturas cada hora hasta las 24 horas después del tratamiento. A las 12 horas postratamiento, las dosis de 6,25 y 3,1 g/L, mostraron 98 y 89 % de mortalidad larvaria cuando se utilizó agua destilada y 86 % y 82 % cuando se utilizó agua de criadero. A las 24 horas la mortalidad alcanzó el 99 y 94 % usando agua destilada y con agua de criadero fue 93 y 90 %. A las 6 horas de exposición con agua destilada, la dosis letal media (DL50) fue de 0,63 g/L y la dosis letal noventa (DL90) fue de 12,44 g/L; mientras a las 12 horas la DL50 fue de 0,48 g/L y la DL90 7,23 g/L. Utilizando agua de criadero a las 6 horas la DL50 fue de 1,36 g/L y la DL90 fue de 27,58 g/L; mientras que a las 12 horas la DL50 fue de 0,83 g/L y la DL90 fue de 9,83 g/L del extracto crudo de L utilis. Los resultados permitieron comprobar la efectividad del polvo de raíz de Lonchocarpus utilis sobre larvas de A. benarrochi como potencial biocida y que su acción está influenciada por la calidad del agua y la dosis de aplicación.

          Translated abstract

          Seven bioassays in laboratory were carried out in order to evaluate the biocidal capacity of Lonchocarpus utilis (Smith,1930) «barbasco» on 7000 larvae of third and fourth stage of Anopheles benarrochi (Gabaldon,1941), main vector of malaria in Yurimaguas and Loreto. The biocidal activity was probed with two types of quality water. Fresh roots of L. utilis were processed by Vílchez (1993) methodology, it was obtained a fined powder which contains as active ingredient the rotenone. The biocidal activity was measured with 5 doses of powder of the root diluted in distilled water: 6,25; 3,1; 2,1 ; 1,0 and 0,15 g/L. It was used 1 mL of the homogenized as inoculum for dose. Readings were made hourly until the 24 hours post treatment to determine the effectiveness and susceptibility. At the 12 hours post-treatment the doses of 6,25 and 3,1 g/L, obtained 98 and 89% of larval mortality when it was utilized in distilled water and in water of breeding site mortality was of 86 and 82% respectively. At the 24 hours mortality reached 99 and 94% using distilled water and with water of breeding site was 93 and 90%. At the 6 hours of exposure with distilled water, the medium lethal dose (DL50) was of 0,63 g/L and the lethal dose ninety (DL90) it was of 12,44 g/L; while at the 12 hours the DL50 was of 0,48 g/L and the DL90 was 7,23 g/L. Utilizing breeding site water at the 6 hours, the DL50 was of 1,36 g/L and the DL90 it was 27,58 g/L; while at the 12 hours the DL50 was 0,83 g/L and DL90 it was of 9,83 g/L of the extract raw of L. utilis on the larvaes. The results made it possible to verify the effectiveness of the raw extract of L. utilis on larvae of A. benarrochi as potential larvicide and its action is influenced by the water quality and the dose of application.

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          Most cited references28

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          Toxicity of extracts from three Tagetes against adults and larvae of yellow fever mosquito and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).

          Whole-plant Soxhlet extractions for the three Tagetes species showed that T. minuta had the greatest biocidal effect on the larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston. Bioassays of simultaneous steam distillation extractions of the various parts of T. minuta found extracts from the flowers provided LD90s of 4 and 8 ppm against the larvae and 0.4 and 0.45% against the adults of A. aegypti and A. stephensi, respectively. Further research on T. minuta floral extracts as new biorational insecticides are discussed.
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            Impacto económico de la malaria en el Perú.

            (2000)
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              Larvicidal and chemosterilant activity of Annona squamosa alkaloids against Anopheles stephensi.

              Alkaloids isolated from Annona squamosa have shown larvicidal growth-regulating and chemosterilant activities against Anopheles stephensi at concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm. Adults exposed as larvae to different treatments showed reduced fecundity and fertility in females. Mortality in the larvae, pupae and adults produced about a 52-92% decrease in the laboratory experiment. The total developmental period was slightly reduced from the control. Treatment with the alkaloids had a significant effect on the mortality, emergence and reproductive physiology of An. stephensi.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpb
                Revista Peruana de Biología
                Rev. peru biol.
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Lima )
                1727-9933
                July 2004
                : 11
                : 1
                : 87-94
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peru
                Article
                S1727-99332004000100011
                de883bff-2bbd-4f68-a51b-182a85b2bc42

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
                BIOLOGY
                DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
                ECOLOGY
                ENTOMOLOGY
                ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
                ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
                EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
                MYCOLOGY
                ORNITHOLOGY
                REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
                ZOOLOGY

                Entomology,Evolutionary Biology,General life sciences,Plant science & Botany,Developmental biology,Ecology,Environmental studies,Animal science & Zoology,Ornithology,General environmental science
                biocid activity,Lonchocarpus utilis,Anopheles benarrochi,larvicide,actividad biocida,larvicida

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