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      Modulating the delicate glial-neuronal interactions in neuropathic pain: promises and potential caveats.

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          Abstract

          During neuropathic pain, glial cells (mainly astrocytes and microglia) become activated and initiate a series of signaling cascades that modulate pain processing at both spinal and supraspinal levels. It has been generally accepted that glial cell activation contributes to neuropathic pain because glia release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and factors such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and glutamate, which are known to facilitate pain signaling. However, recent research has shown that activation of glia also leads to some beneficial outcomes. Glia release anti-inflammatory factors that protect against neurotoxicity and restore normal pain. Accordingly, use of glial inhibitors might compromise the protective functions of glia in addition to suppressing their detrimental effects. With a better understanding of how different conditions affect glial cell activation, we may be able to promote the protective function of glia and pave the way for future development of novel, safe, and effective treatments of neuropathic pain.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Neurosci Biobehav Rev
          Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
          1873-7528
          0149-7634
          Sep 2014
          : 45
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: vtiwari4@jhmi.edu.
          [2 ] Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
          [3 ] Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: sraja@jhmi.edu.
          Article
          S0149-7634(14)00119-5 NIHMS594788
          10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.002
          4134719
          24820245
          de9a9c91-68ba-493d-a1ae-e8b506ac2a5b
          Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
          History

          Astrocytes,Glia,Microglia,Pain
          Astrocytes, Glia, Microglia, Pain

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