Contributors
Sarah Shalhoub: Role: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Fahad Al-Hameed: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Yasser Mandourah: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Hanan H. Balkhy: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Awad Al-Omari: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ghaleb. A. Al Mekhlafi: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ayman Kharaba: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Basem Alraddadi: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Abdullah Almotairi: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Kasim Al Khatib: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ahmed Abdulmomen: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ismael Qushmaq: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ahmed Mady: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Othman Solaiman: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-4001
Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Rajaa Al-Raddadi:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-9628
Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ahmed Ragab: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Abdulrahman Al Harthy: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Eman Al Qasim: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Jesna Jose: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ghassan Al-Ghamdi: Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Laura Merson:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-1960
Role: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Robert Fowler: Role: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Frederick G. Hayden: Role: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Yaseen M. Arabi:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-6241
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Eric H. Y. Lau: Role: Editor
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
15
November
2018
Publication date Collection: 2018
Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Electronic Location Identifier: e0206831
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Ontario,
London, Canada, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad
Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[2
]
Department of Intensive Care, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[3
]
Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
[4
]
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University
for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz
Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[5
]
Department of Intensive Care, Alfaisal University, Dr Sulaiman Al-Habib Group Hospitals,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[6
]
Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Ohoud Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah,
Saudi Arabia
[7
]
Department of Medicine, Alfaisal University, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research
Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[8
]
Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[9
]
Intensive Care Department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
[10
]
Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[11
]
Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[12
]
Intensive Care Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
[13
]
Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
[14
]
Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Ministry
of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[15
]
Intensive Care Department, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[16
]
Department of intensive care, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[17
]
Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University, Headiington, United Kingdom
[18
]
Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital,
Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
[19
]
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
The University of Hong Kong, CHINA
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-18-05294
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206831
PMC ID: 6237307
PubMed ID: 30439974
SO-VID: deaba4fc-279d-42a5-b5ee-e99626c67f51
Copyright © © 2018 Shalhoub et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
History
Date
received
: 17
February
2018
Date
accepted
: 19
October
2018
Page count
Figures: 0,
Tables: 4,
Pages: 12
Funding
No specific funding for this work was received by any of the authors.
Categories
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Nosocomial Infections
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pulmonology
Subject:
Respiratory Infections
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Care Facilities
Subject:
Hospitals
Subject:
Intensive Care Units
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Population Biology
Subject:
Population Metrics
Subject:
Death Rates
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Women's Health
Subject:
Maternal Health
Subject:
Pregnancy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Women's Health
Subject:
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject:
Pregnancy
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Research Design
Subject:
Survey Research
Subject:
Questionnaires
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Research Design
Subject:
Cohort Studies
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