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Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence from brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease
Author(s):
Tom A. Schweizer
,
Jenna Ware
,
Corinne E. Fischer
,
Fergus I.M. Craik
,
Ellen Bialystok
Publication date
Created:
September 2012
Publication date
(Print):
September 2012
Journal:
Cortex
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
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Abstract
Much of the research on delaying the onset of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on pharmacotherapy, but environmental factors have also been acknowledged to play a significant role. Bilingualism may be one factor contributing to 'cognitive reserve' (CR) and therefore to a delay in symptom onset. If bilingualism is protective, then the brains of bilinguals should show greater atrophy in relevant areas, since their enhanced CR enables them to function at a higher level than would be predicted from their level of disease. We analyzed a number of linear measurements of brain atrophy from the computed tomography (CT) scans of monolingual and bilingual patients diagnosed with probable AD who were matched on level of cognitive performance and years of education. Bilingual patients with AD exhibited substantially greater amounts of brain atrophy than monolingual patients in areas traditionally used to distinguish AD patients from healthy controls, specifically, the radial width of the temporal horn and the temporal horn ratio. Other measures of brain atrophy were comparable for the two groups. Bilingualism appears to contribute to increased CR, thereby delaying the onset of AD and requiring the presence of greater amounts of neuropathology before the disease is manifest. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.
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Nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Author and article information
Journal
Title:
Cortex
Abbreviated Title:
Cortex
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
ISSN (Print):
00109452
Publication date Created:
September 2012
Publication date (Print):
September 2012
Volume
: 48
Issue
: 8
Pages
: 991-996
Article
DOI:
10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.009
PubMed ID:
21596373
SO-VID:
deb5f164-ded1-49db-b128-e43e41c645a9
Copyright ©
© 2012
License:
https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
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