Measurement of the proton-air cross-section at $\sqrt{s}=57$ TeV with
  the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Abstract

We report a measurement of the proton-air cross-section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analysing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross-section of $[505\pm22(stat)^{+28}_{-36}(sys)]$ mb is found.

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Is Open Access

Hadronic photon-photon interactions at high energies

R. Engel, J Ranft (1995)

Photon-photon collisions are investigated in the framework of the two-component Dual Parton Model. The model is shown to agree well to hadron production data from hadron-hadron and photon-hadron collisions. The multiparticle production in hadron-hadron, photon-hadron and photon-photon collisions as predicted by the model is compared. Strong differences are only found as function of the transverse momentum variable. The hadron production in photon-photon collisions at present and future electron-positron colliders is studied using photon spectra according to the equivalent photon approximation, according to beamstrahlung and according to backscattered laser radiation.