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      Plant-to-Plant Movement ofStriacosta albicosta(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) andSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize (Zea mays)

      , , , , ,
      Journal of Economic Entomology
      Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: integrating pest genetics and ecology.

          F. Gould (1998)
          This review examines potential impacts of transgenic cultivars on insect population dynamics and evolution. Experience with classically bred, insecticidal cultivars has demonstrated that a solid understanding of both the target insect's ecology and the cultivar's performance under varied field conditions will be essential for predicting area-wide effects of transgenic cultivars on pest and natural enemy dynamics. This experience has also demonstrated the evolutionary capacity of pests for adaptive response to insecticidal traits in crops. Biochemical and genetic studies of insect adaptation to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins expressed by currently marketed transgenic cultivars indicate a high risk for rapid adaptation if these cultivars are misused. Theoretical and practical issues involved in implementing strategies to delay pest adaptation to insecticidal cultivars are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on examining the "high dose"/refuge strategy that has become the goal of industry and regulatory authorities.
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            Ecology and behavior of first instar larval Lepidoptera.

            Neonate Lepidoptera are confronted with the daunting task of establishing themselves on a food plant. The factors relevant to this process need to be considered at spatial and temporal scales relevant to the larva and not the investigator. Neonates have to cope with an array of plant surface characters as well as internal characters once the integument is ruptured. These characters, as well as microclimatic conditions, vary within and between plant modules and interact with larval feeding requirements, strongly affecting movement behavior, which may be extensive even for such small organisms. In addition to these factors, there is an array of predators, pathogens, and parasitoids with which first instars must contend. Not surprisingly, mortality in neonates is high but can vary widely. Experimental and manipulative studies, as well as detailed observations of the animal, are vital if the subtle interaction of factors responsible for this high and variable mortality are to be understood. These studies are essential for an understanding of theories linking female oviposition behavior with larval survival, plant defense theory, and population dynamics, as well as modern crop resistance breeding programs.
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              Managing the evolution of insect resistance to transgenic plants.

              The evolution of resistance in pests such as the European corn borer will imperil transgenic maize varieties that express insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Patchworks of treated and untreated fields can delay the evolution of pesticide resistance, but the untreated refuge fields are likely to sustain heavy damage. A strategy that exploits corn borer preferences and movements can eliminate this problem. Computer simulation indicates that this approach can delay the evolution of resistance and reduce insect damage in the untreated fields of a patchwork planting regime.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Economic Entomology
                J Econ Entomol
                Oxford University Press (OUP)
                0022-0493
                1938-291X
                June 01 2016
                June 2016
                June 2016
                March 29 2016
                : 109
                : 3
                : 1125-1131
                Article
                10.1093/jee/tow042
                def37860-1051-4f96-b636-7bade0f661a3
                © 2016
                History

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