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      Synthesis of Uracil-Iodonium(III) Salts for Practical Utilization as Nucleobase Synthetic Modules

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          Abstract

          Iodonium(III) salts bearing uracil moieties have recently appeared in the literature, but their structural scope and utilization are limited because of their hygroscopic characteristics. In this study, we describe our detailed investigations for synthesizing a series of uracil iodonium(III) salts derived with various structural motifs and counterions. These new compounds have been utilized as attractive synthetic modules in constructing functionalized nucleobase and nucleosides.

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          Most cited references53

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          Advances in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds.

          The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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            Diaryliodonium Salts: A Journey from Obscurity to Fame

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              Indolyne and aryne distortions and nucleophilic regioselectivites.

              Density functional theory computations reproduce the surprisingly high regioselectivities in nucleophilic additions and cycloadditions to 4,5-indolynes and the low regioselectivities in the reactions of 5,6-indolynes. Transition-state distortion energies control the regioselectivities, activating the 5 and 6 positions over the 4 and 7 positions, leading to high preferences for 5- and 6-substituted products from 4,5- and 6,7-indolynes, respectively. Orbital and electrostatic interactions have only minor effects, producing low regioselectivities in the reactions of 5,6-indolynes. The distortion model predicts high regioselectivities with 6,7-indolynes; these have been verified experimentally. The regioselectivities found with other arynes are explained on the basis of distortion energies that are reflected in reactant geometries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                21 August 2019
                September 2019
                : 24
                : 17
                : 3034
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
                [2 ]College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525–8577, Japan
                [3 ]Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525–8577, Japan
                [4 ]Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
                [5 ]School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
                [6 ]Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: ntakenag@ 123456meijo-u.ac.jp (N.T.); td1203@ 123456ph.ritsumei.ac.jp (T.D.); Tel.: +81-052-839-2706 (N.T.); +81-077-561-4908 (T.D.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-9406
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-2575
                Article
                molecules-24-03034
                10.3390/molecules24173034
                6749211
                31438596
                def62645-280b-41fb-b20f-fdb5d6c8860b
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 05 August 2019
                : 19 August 2019
                Categories
                Article

                hypervalent compound,iodonium salt,nucleobase,uracil
                hypervalent compound, iodonium salt, nucleobase, uracil

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