Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings

Abstract

Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital extra-axial lesions commonly found in the posterior fossa. These lesions have a characteristic imaging appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but occasionally they may exhibit atypical radiological features, showing unusual hyperintensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI). Currently, such atypical appearance is referred to as white epidermoid. We present the imaging features of 5 cases of white epidermoid cyst and discuss the possible underlying etiology of this unusual radiological appearance. We retrospectively searched our electronic radiology database from January 2005 to December 2015 for all intracranial epidermoid cysts, which were confirmed either by typical MRI appearance or histopathological examination. All white epidermoid cases were evaluated with non-enhanced CT scan and multisequential MRI. Histopathological correlation was carried out in four white epidermoid cases. A total of 61 patients with epidermoid cyst were found, of those 5 (8%) were considered white epidermoids. These consisted of 3 females and 2 males, ranging in age between 31–63 years (average age was 51.8 years). Three patients had lesions located in the posterior fossa. The 2 other patients had lesions in the suprasellar region, with extension to the right middle cranial fossa in one. All 5 lesions were hyperdense on CT scan and hyperintense on T1WI. One patient demonstrated evidence of transformation of a classic epidermoid to a white epidermoid after partial resection. Histopathologically, cholesterol clefts were seen in 3 epidermoid cysts, each which also showed microcalcifications, proteinaceous material or melanin. Hemorrhage was demonstrated in one additional lesion. White epidermoid cyst is an unusual intracranial lesion that should be considered when encountered with an extra-axial T1 hyperintense lesion. The cause of this hyperintensity is not clearly understood, but the presence of cholesterol, microcalcifications, proteinaceous content and rarely hemorrhage or melanin may be contributing factors.