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      Direct evidence for the cooperative unfolding of cytochrome c in lipid membranes from H-(2)H exchange kinetics.

      1 , , ,
      Journal of molecular biology
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          The interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with anionic lipid membranes is known to disrupt the tightly packed native structure of the protein. This process leads to a lipid-inserted denatured state, which retains a native-like alpha-helical structure but lacks any specific tertiary interactions. The structural and dynamic properties of cyt c bound to vesicles containing an anionic phospholipid (DOPS) were investigated by amide H-(2)H exchange using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The H-(2)H exchange kinetics of the core amide protons in cyt c, which in the native protein undergo exchange via an uncorrelated EX2 mechanism, exchange in the lipid vesicles via a highly concerted global transition that exposes these protected amide groups to solvent. The lack of pH dependence and the observation of distinct populations of deuterated and protonated species by mass spectrometry confirms that exchange occurs via an EX1 mechanism with a common rate of 1(+/-0.5) h(-1), which reflects the rate of transition from the lipid-inserted state, H(l), to an unprotected conformation, D(i), associated with the lipid interface.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Mol. Biol.
          Journal of molecular biology
          Elsevier BV
          0022-2836
          0022-2836
          Nov 03 2000
          : 303
          : 4
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. tpinheiro@bio.warwick.ac.uk
          Article
          S0022-2836(00)94159-7
          10.1006/jmbi.2000.4159
          11054296
          df0e4197-be31-45c2-9053-3f3ac86039d8
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