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Abstract
Recently, a greatly increased number of macrofossil and pollen analytical records
from Australasia and southern South America has permitted, for the first time, a comprehensive
overview of past vegetation and climate change in southern temperate ecosystems. While
the course of Neogene climatic change has been comparable to that of the temperate
northern hemisphere, a distinctive southern hemisphere vegetation has evolved, not
primarily because of its common Gondwana origin, but as a consequence of the minor
amplitude of Quaternary change, absence of large ice sheets, and failure of full-glacial
environments to persist through interglacials.