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      Fracionamento dos carboidratos pelas equações do Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System de três cultivares de girassol na presença ou não de irrigação Translated title: Carbohydrate fractionation of three sunflower cultivars in the presence or absence of irrigation using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System equations

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          Abstract

          Objetivou-se quantificar as frações de carboidratos pelas equações do Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) de três cultivares de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivados na presença ou não de irrigação. A utilização de uma preparação fibrosa, denominada parede celular (PC), nas equações da CNCPS, em substituição à fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) não promoveu diferenças nas frações de carboidratos B1 e C, mas influenciou as frações A e B2. Como os valores da fração B1, obtidos pelo modelo CNCPS foram menores que os teores de amido e pectina determinados em laboratório, supõe-se que a pectina e outros oligossacarídeos da parede celular, solubilizados pela solução de detergente neutro (fibra solúvel), nunca fizeram parte da fração B1, e sim da fração A. Apesar de os carboidratos da fibra solúvel apresentarem elevadas taxas de degradação, não parece adequada a caracterização da fibra solúvel na fração A. Parece mais adequado que a fibra solúvel (que inclui a pectina) seja alocada a uma fração exclusivamente sua, que pode ser a fração B2, e que seja criada uma nova fração, a B3, para os carboidratos digeríveis da parede celular. Assim, a fração B1 seria composta apenas de amido. A equação da fração C, que estima os carboidratos indigeríveis da parede celular, pode ser simplificada, relacionando a fração indigerível ao teor de lignina na matéria seca, e não à FDN isenta de cinzas e proteína, como atualmente utilizado. Esta proposta tem implicações práticas, uma vez que a fração indigerível da parede celular tem sido expressa em relação à FDN, e não na MS, com base no fato de que os efeitos inibitórios da lignina ocorrem sobre os componentes fibrosos da parede celular vegetal, e não sobre o conteúdo celular.

          Translated abstract

          This work aimed to estimate the carbohydrate fractions in three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars in the presence or absence of irrigation, using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) equations. The utilization of a fibrous preparation called cell wall (CW) in the CNCPS equations instead of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed no differences in the B1 and C fractions; however, there were differences in the A and B2 fractions. Because estimates of B1 fraction were lower than wet chemistry determinations of starch and pectin, it was assumed that pectin and other oligosaccharides, that are dissolved by the neutral detergent (soluble fiber), were part of fraction A, but not part of fraction B1. In spite the soluble fiber carbohydrates have high degradation rates, characterization of soluble fiber within fraction A seems inadequate. It seems coherent that soluble fiber (which includes pectin) be allocated exclusively to a fraction which could be fraction B2. In addition, a new fraction (B3) should be created for the digestible cell wall carbohydrates. Thus, the fraction B1 would be constituted only by starch. It was verified that the equation for the fraction C, which estimates the indigestible cell wall carbohydrates, could be simplified, expressing lignin on a dry matter basis, instead of ash + protein-free NDF as it is used currently. This finding has a practical implication, because it has been recommended that the indigestible cell wall be related to NDF, and not to DM, on the basis that the inhibitory effects of lignin occur on the plant cell wall fibrous carbohydrates and not on the cell content.

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          Nutritional ecology of the ruminant

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            Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study.

            As an important constituent of animal feeds, fiber represents the portion of feeds that is bulky and difficult to digest. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) method, developed over 30 years ago, is the method of choice for measuring total fiber in forages and other feeds. Several modifications that were made to improve its general applicability to all feeds and others developed in individual laboratories often resulted in variability among laboratories in measuring NDF. The amylase-treated NDF (aNDF) method, therefore, was developed as an accurate and precise method of measuring total insoluble fiber in feeds. A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the aNDF method over the full range of animal feed materials. Twelve laboratories representing research, feed company, regulatory, and commercial feed testing laboratories analyzed 11 materials as blind duplicates. The materials represented feed matrixes, including animal products; high-protein, high-fat, and high-pectin feeds; oil seeds; grains; heated by-product feeds; and legume and grass hays and silages. Materials selected varied in chemical composition and contained 0-90% aNDF, 1-16% ash, 1-20% crude fat, 1-40% crude protein, and 0-50% starch. Correcting results for changes in blanks and reporting results as ash-free aNDF organic matter (aNDFom) improved the repeatability and reproducibility of results when aNDF was 10% fat. However, standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility for feeds with >10% fat were similar to those of other materials. It is recommended that the aNDF method be accepted for Official First Action status.
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              Development of a Comprehensive System of Feed Analyses and its Application to Forages

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                December 2008
                : 37
                : 12
                : 2261-2269
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1516-35982008001200025
                10.1590/S1516-35982008001200025
                df3174b5-afef-48a3-bead-0b8a0088b8f6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                lignin,pectin,soluble fiber,starch,amido,fibra solúvel,lignina,pectina

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