The functions and clinical application potential of exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular membranous nanovesicles that mediate local and systemic intercellular communication by transporting proteins or nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) into target cells, thus altering the behaviors of recipient cells. Recent studies have revealed that these vesicles play a critical role in many biological functions, such as cell proliferation, immune regulation, nerve regeneration, and cancer. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are now considered a multipotent and abundant tool in the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. ADSCs can produce and secrete many exosomes, which inherit multiple functions of cells. Therefore, in this review, we will introduce the characteristics of exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSC-Exos), describe their functions in different biological processes, summarize the latest research achievements, describe their limitations in cell-free therapy, and provide further insights into their clinical application potential for the treatment of certain diseases.

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Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes.

Joanna Kowal, Mercedes Tkach, Clotilde Théry (2014)

Although observed for several decades, the release of membrane-enclosed vesicles by cells into their surrounding environment has been the subject of increasing interest in the past few years, which led to the creation, in 2012, of a scientific society dedicated to the subject: the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. Convincing evidence that vesicles allow exchange of complex information fuelled this rise in interest. But it has also become clear that different types of secreted vesicles co-exist, with different intracellular origins and modes of formation, and thus probably different compositions and functions. Exosomes are one sub-type of secreted vesicles. They form inside eukaryotic cells in multivesicular compartments, and are secreted when these compartments fuse with the plasma membrane. Interestingly, different families of molecules have been shown to allow intracellular formation of exosomes and their subsequent secretion, which suggests that even among exosomes different sub-types exist. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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An Overview of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

Piergiorgio Gentile, Valeria Chiono, Irene Carmagnola … (2014)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has attracted considerable interest as a base material for biomedical applications due to its: (i) biocompatibility; (ii) tailored biodegradation rate (depending on the molecular weight and copolymer ratio); (iii) approval for clinical use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); (iv) potential to modify surface properties to provide better interaction with biological materials; and (v) suitability for export to countries and cultures where implantation of animal-derived products is unpopular. This paper critically reviews the scientific challenge of manufacturing PLGA-based materials with suitable properties and shapes for specific biomedical applications, with special emphasis on bone tissue engineering. The analysis of the state of the art in the field reveals the presence of current innovative techniques for scaffolds and material manufacturing that are currently opening the way to prepare biomimetic PLGA substrates able to modulate cell interaction for improved substitution, restoration, or enhancement of bone tissue function.

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Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Theodore Kalogeris, Christopher P. Baines, Maike Krenz … (2016)

Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Pengyu Hong: hpy_0713@163.com

Hao Yang: cosplaydo@sina.com

Yue Wu: 1067701404@qq.com

Kun Li: +86-73184812058 , 406889138@qq.com

Zhangui Tang: +86-73184812058 , tangzhangui@aliyun.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Stem Cell Res Ther

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Stem Cell Res Ther

Title: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1757-6512

Publication date (Electronic): 7 August 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 7 August 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 242

Affiliations

ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, GRID grid.216417.7, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, , Central South University, ; Changsha, 410008 Hunan China

Article

Publisher ID: 1358

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1358-y

PMC ID: 6686455

PubMed ID: 31391108

SO-VID: df4011c5-21da-41ff-bf91-5c42c3d8aedb

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: (81800952

Award Recipient : Pengyu Hong

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004735, Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province;

Award ID: 2018JJ3712

Award Recipient : Pengyu Hong

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012476, Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University;

Award ID: 2018zzts838

Award Recipient : Pengyu Hong

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine

Keywords: adipose-derived stem cells,exosomes,function,clinical application

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine

Keywords: adipose-derived stem cells, exosomes, function, clinical application

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The functions and clinical application potential of exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

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Most cited references 69

Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes.

An Overview of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

Ischemia/Reperfusion.

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Cited by 106

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