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      Photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency of Salvia verbenaca L. under elevated CO 2 and water‐deficit conditions

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          Abstract

          Investigating the combined effects of elevated CO 2 concentration and water‐deficit on weed plants is crucial to gaining a thorough understanding of plant performance and modifying agricultural processes under changing climate conditions. This study examined the effect of elevated CO 2 concentration and water‐deficit conditions on leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and the photosystem II (PSII) activity of two Salvia verbenaca L., varieties. These varieties were grown under two CO 2 concentrations (ambient conditions of 400 ppm and elevated conditions of 700 ppm) and two water regimes (well‐watered [100% field capacity] and water‐deficit conditions [60% field capacity]) in laboratory growth chambers. For 12 days, at 2‐day intervals, (i) leaf gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci)), (ii) water use efficiency (WUE), (iii) intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE), (iv) instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and (v) PSII activity (fluorescence, quantum yield of PSII, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching and photosynthetic electron transport) were measured. Water‐deficit conditions had negative effects on studied parameters of both varieties, whereas elevated CO 2 concentration had positive effects on the gas exchange, water use efficiency and PSII activity of both. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions from Day 0 to Day 5 showed a partial recovery in most of the parameters when the resumption of the well‐watered regime was reinstituted on Day 6. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions were re‐watered on day 6 and indicated a partial recovery in all the parameters. A comparison of the two varieties showed that var. vernalis recorded higher values of gas exchange, quantum yield of PSII and photochemical efficiency of PSII than var. verbenaca, but the water use efficiency of var. verbenaca was higher than that of var. vernalis. These differences serve to illustrate the complexity of such studies and suggest that a detailed understanding of the nature of weed infestations is essential if optimum management control is to be practiced. Elevated CO2 concentration mitigated the adverse effects of water‐deficit conditions and thereby enhanced the adaptive mechanism of this weed by improving its water use efficiency. It is thus likely that S. verbenaca has the potential to take advantage of climate change by increasing its relative competitiveness with other plants in drought‐prone areas, suggesting that it could significantly expand its invasive range under such conditions.

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          Most cited references53

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          Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide

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            Guard cell signal transduction network: advances in understanding abscisic acid, CO2, and Ca2+ signaling.

            Stomatal pores are formed by pairs of specialized epidermal guard cells and serve as major gateways for both CO(2) influx into plants from the atmosphere and transpirational water loss of plants. Because they regulate stomatal pore apertures via integration of both endogenous hormonal stimuli and environmental signals, guard cells have been highly developed as a model system to dissect the dynamics and mechanisms of plant-cell signaling. The stress hormone ABA and elevated levels of CO(2) activate complex signaling pathways in guard cells that are mediated by kinases/phosphatases, secondary messengers, and ion channel regulation. Recent research in guard cells has led to a new hypothesis for how plants achieve specificity in intracellular calcium signaling: CO(2) and ABA enhance (prime) the calcium sensitivity of downstream calcium-signaling mechanisms. Recent progress in identification of early stomatal signaling components are reviewed here, including ABA receptors and CO(2)-binding response proteins, as well as systems approaches that advance our understanding of guard cell-signaling mechanisms.
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              Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability in Invasive Nonindigenous Plants: A Hypothesis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
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                Journal
                Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
                J Agronomy Crop Science
                Wiley
                0931-2250
                1439-037X
                August 2022
                June 17 2022
                August 2022
                : 208
                : 4
                : 536-551
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
                [2 ] Future Regions Research Centre Federation University Australia Mount Helen Vic. Australia
                [3 ] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
                [4 ] Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
                [5 ] College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah Layyah Pakistan
                [6 ] State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
                Article
                10.1111/jac.12613
                df634937-4dee-4c5f-baf9-f3c9fd1c0c81
                © 2022

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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