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      Long-term exposure to diesel engine exhaust affects cytokine expression among occupational population†

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          Abstract

          Long-term exposure to diesel exhaust is associated with reduced IL-6 and increased CRP levels.

          Abstract

          Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is a predominant contributor to urban air pollution. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified DEE as a group I carcinogen. Inflammatory response is considered to be associated with various health outcomes including carcinogenesis. However, human data linking inflammation with long-term DEE exposure are still lacking. In this study, a total of 137 diesel engine testing workers with an average exposure of 8.2 years and 108 unexposed controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects, and the association of DEE exposure with inflammatory biomarkers was analyzed. Overall, DEE exposed workers had a significant increase in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and a significant decrease in cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β compared to controls after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking status, and alcohol use, and findings were highly consistent when stratified by smoking status. In addition, exposure time dependent patterns for IL-6 and CRP were also found ( P trend = 0.006 and 0.026, respectively); however, the levels of IL-1β and MIP-1β were significantly lower in subjects with a DEE working time of less than 10 years compared with the controls and then recovered to control levels in workers exposed for >10 years. There were no significant differences in blood cell counts and major lymphocyte subsets between exposed workers and the controls. Our results provide epidemiological evidence for the relationship between DEE exposure and immunotoxicity considering the important roles of cytokines in immunological processes.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Toxicol Res (Camb)
          Toxicol Res (Camb)
          Toxicology Research
          Royal Society of Chemistry
          2045-452X
          2045-4538
          1 February 2016
          1 March 2016
          : 5
          : 2
          : 674-681
          Affiliations
          [a ] Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health , National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , 10050 , China . Email: zhengyx@ 123456chinacdc.cn ; Fax: +86-10-83132515 ; Tel: +86-10-83132593
          [b ] Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , 050017 , China
          [c ] Beijing Xicheng District Tianqiao Community Health Service Center , Beijing , 100050 , China
          [d ] School and Hospital of Stomatology , Peking University , Beijing , 100081 , China
          [e ] Luoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Luoyang , Henan Province 471000 , China
          [f ] Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health , Zhengzhou , 450052 , China
          Article
          PMC6060680 PMC6060680 6060680 c5tx00462d
          10.1039/c5tx00462d
          6060680
          30090380
          df6cf626-0068-4b76-b046-804f77609157
          This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016
          History
          : 6 December 2015
          : 31 January 2016
          Categories
          Chemistry

          Notes

          †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00462d


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