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      Damage to the right insula disrupts the perception of affective touch

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          Abstract

          Specific, peripheral C-tactile afferents contribute to the perception of tactile pleasure, but the brain areas involved in their processing remain debated. We report the first human lesion study on the perception of C-tactile touch in right hemisphere stroke patients (N = 59), revealing that right posterior and anterior insula lesions reduce tactile, contralateral and ipsilateral pleasantness sensitivity, respectively. These findings corroborate previous imaging studies regarding the role of the posterior insula in the perception of affective touch. However, our findings about the crucial role of the anterior insula for ipsilateral affective touch perception open new avenues of enquiry regarding the cortical organization of this tactile system.

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          To develop a 10-minute cognitive screening tool (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) to assist first-line physicians in detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a clinical state that often progresses to dementia. Validation study. A community clinic and an academic center. Ninety-four patients meeting MCI clinical criteria supported by psychometric measures, 93 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score > or =17), and 90 healthy elderly controls (NC). The MoCA and MMSE were administered to all participants, and sensitivity and specificity of both measures were assessed for detection of MCI and mild AD. Using a cutoff score 26, the MMSE had a sensitivity of 18% to detect MCI, whereas the MoCA detected 90% of MCI subjects. In the mild AD group, the MMSE had a sensitivity of 78%, whereas the MoCA detected 100%. Specificity was excellent for both MMSE and MoCA (100% and 87%, respectively). MCI as an entity is evolving and somewhat controversial. The MoCA is a brief cognitive screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting MCI as currently conceptualized in patients performing in the normal range on the MMSE.
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              Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain.

              An anatomical parcellation of the spatially normalized single-subject high-resolution T1 volume provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) (D. L. Collins et al., 1998, Trans. Med. Imag. 17, 463-468) was performed. The MNI single-subject main sulci were first delineated and further used as landmarks for the 3D definition of 45 anatomical volumes of interest (AVOI) in each hemisphere. This procedure was performed using a dedicated software which allowed a 3D following of the sulci course on the edited brain. Regions of interest were then drawn manually with the same software every 2 mm on the axial slices of the high-resolution MNI single subject. The 90 AVOI were reconstructed and assigned a label. Using this parcellation method, three procedures to perform the automated anatomical labeling of functional studies are proposed: (1) labeling of an extremum defined by a set of coordinates, (2) percentage of voxels belonging to each of the AVOI intersected by a sphere centered by a set of coordinates, and (3) percentage of voxels belonging to each of the AVOI intersected by an activated cluster. An interface with the Statistical Parametric Mapping package (SPM, J. Ashburner and K. J. Friston, 1999, Hum. Brain Mapp. 7, 254-266) is provided as a freeware to researchers of the neuroimaging community. We believe that this tool is an improvement for the macroscopical labeling of activated area compared to labeling assessed using the Talairach atlas brain in which deformations are well known. However, this tool does not alleviate the need for more sophisticated labeling strategies based on anatomical or cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Reviewing Editor
                Role: Senior Editor
                Journal
                eLife
                Elife
                eLife
                eLife
                eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
                2050-084X
                24 January 2020
                2020
                : 9
                : e47895
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London LondonUnited Kingdom
                [2 ]Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Sorbonne Université ParisFrance
                [3 ]Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand JohannesburgSouth Africa
                [4 ]Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet StockholmSweden
                [5 ]NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona VeronaItaly
                [6 ]Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology LondonUnited Kingdom
                [7 ]Department of Psychology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUnited Kingdom
                Harvard Medical School United States
                University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany
                Harvard Medical School United States
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8418-776X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-7967
                Article
                47895
                10.7554/eLife.47895
                7043887
                31975686
                df86a7ca-252e-4166-960c-feb526794301
                © 2020, Kirsch et al

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 23 April 2019
                : 23 January 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781, European Research Council;
                Award ID: ERC-2012-STG GA313755
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003407, Ministry of Education, University and Research;
                Award ID: PRIN 20159CZFJK
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007052, University of Verona;
                Award ID: Bando di Ateneo per la Ricerca di Base 2015 project MOTOS
                Award Recipient :
                The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
                Categories
                Short Report
                Neuroscience
                Custom metadata
                Lesion analyses in right hemisphere stroke patients reveal the crucial role of the right anterior and posterior insula in the perception of affective touch.

                Life sciences
                affective touch,ct system,insula,interoception,lesion mapping,human
                Life sciences
                affective touch, ct system, insula, interoception, lesion mapping, human

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