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      Phytotherapy Perspectives for Treating Fungal Infections, Migraine, Sebhorreic Dermatitis and Hyperpigmentations with the Plants of the Centaureinae Subtribe (Asteraceae)

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          Abstract

          Sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, phytoecdysones and phenolic compounds are characteristic of the species from the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae). Many of the compounds isolated from plants of the Centaureinae subtribe have strong pharmacological properties. It may be suggested that these compounds’ chemical structure might be an indicator of these pharmacological properties. The aim of the study was to describe recent studies in the field of phytotherapy, focusing on compounds isolated from chosen plants of Centaureinae and the possibilities of using them to treat antifungal infections, inhibit serotonin and ease symptoms of seborrhea dermatitis and hyperpigmentation. The results of these biological studies have shown that in the future, extracts from the above-mentioned plant material may be used as active substances in new safe and effective drugs.

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          Most cited references76

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          Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones

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            Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects.

            Phytoecdysteroids are a family of about 200 plant steroids related in structure to the invertebrate steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. Typically, they are C27, C28 or C29 compounds possessing a 14alpha-hydroxy-7-en-6-one chromophore and A/B-cis ring fusion (5beta-H). In the present review, the distribution, biosynthesis, biological significance and potential applications of phytoecdysteroids are summarised.
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              Opportunistic invasive fungal infections: diagnosis & clinical management

              Invasive fungal infections are a significant health problem in immunocompromised patients. The clinical manifestations vary and can range from colonization in allergic bronchopulmonary disease to active infection in local aetiologic agents. Many factors influence the virulence and pathogenic capacity of the microorganisms, such as enzymes including extracellular phospholipases, lipases and proteinases, dimorphic growth in some Candida species, melanin production, mannitol secretion, superoxide dismutase, rapid growth and affinity to the blood stream, heat tolerance and toxin production. Infection is confirmed when histopathologic examination with special stains demonstrates fungal tissue involvement or when the aetiologic agent is isolated from sterile clinical specimens by culture. Both acquired and congenital immunodeficiency may be associated with increased susceptibility to systemic infections. Fungal infection is difficult to treat because antifungal therapy for Candida infections is still controversial and based on clinical grounds, and for molds, the clinician must assume that the species isolated from the culture medium is the pathogen. Timely initiation of antifungal treatment is a critical component affecting the outcome. Disseminated infection requires the use of systemic agents with or without surgical debridement, and in some cases immunotherapy is also advisable. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown an association between drug dose and treatment outcome. Drug dose monitoring is necessary to ensure that therapeutic levels are achieved for optimal clinical efficacy. The objectives of this review are to discuss opportunistic fungal infections, diagnostic methods and the management of these infections.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                15 November 2020
                November 2020
                : 25
                : 22
                : 5329
                Affiliations
                Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Mazowiecka Street, 60-623 Poznań, Poland; joannac@ 123456ump.edu.pl (J.N.); justynagornowicz1@ 123456poczta.onet.pl (J.G.-P.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: gnowak@ 123456ump.edu.pl ; Tel./Fax: +48-61-8470628
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1904-5503
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3106-064X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-546X
                Article
                molecules-25-05329
                10.3390/molecules25225329
                7696306
                33203185
                df8f2669-dcb3-48d4-89eb-032cfad19f2b
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 28 September 2020
                : 13 November 2020
                Categories
                Review

                asteraceae,sesquiterpene lactones,coumarins,phytoecdysones,arbutin,phytotherapy

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