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      A replication-incompetent Rift Valley fever vaccine: Chimeric virus-like particles protect mice and rats against lethal challenge

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          Abstract

          Virus-like particles (VLPs) present viral antigens in a native conformation and are effectively recognized by the immune system and therefore are considered as suitable and safe vaccine candidates against many viral diseases.

          Here we demonstrate that chimeric VLPs containing Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) glycoproteins G N and G C, nucleoprotein N and the gag protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus represent an effective vaccine candidate against Rift Valley fever, a deadly disease in humans and livestock. Long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses are demonstrated in a mouse model by the analysis of neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine secretion profiles. Vaccine efficacy studies were performed in mouse and rat lethal challenge models resulting in high protection rates.

          Taken together, these results demonstrate that replication-incompetent chimeric RVF VLPs are an efficient RVFV vaccine candidate.

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          Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial

          Diane Harper, Eduardo Franco, Cosette M. Wheeler … (2004)
          Vaccination against the most common oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types, HPV-16 and HPV-18, could prevent development of up to 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. We did a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a bivalent HPV-16/18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine for the prevention of incident and persistent infection with these two virus types, associated cervical cytological abnormalities, and precancerous lesions. We randomised 1113 women between 15-25 years of age to receive three doses of either the vaccine formulated with AS04 adjuvant or placebo on a 0 month, 1 month, and 6 month schedule in North America and Brazil. Women were assessed for HPV infection by cervical cytology and self-obtained cervicovaginal samples for up to 27 months, and for vaccine safety and immunogenicity. In the according-to-protocol analyses, vaccine efficacy was 91.6% (95% CI 64.5-98.0) against incident infection and 100% against persistent infection (47.0-100) with HPV-16/18. In the intention-to-treat analyses, vaccine efficacy was 95.1% (63.5-99.3) against persistent cervical infection with HPV-16/18 and 92.9% (70.0-98.3) against cytological abnormalities associated with HPV-16/18 infection. The vaccine was generally safe, well tolerated, and highly immunogenic. The bivalent HPV vaccine was efficacious in prevention of incident and persistent cervical infections with HPV-16 and HPV-18, and associated cytological abnormalities and lesions. Vaccination against such infections could substantially reduce incidence of cervical cancer.
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            Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs.

            M. Kozák (1984)
            5-Noncoding sequences have been tabulated for 211 messenger RNAs from higher eukaryotic cells. The 5'-proximal AUG triplet serves as the initiator codon in 95% of the mRNAs examined. The most conspicuous conserved feature is the presence of a purine (most often A) three nucleotides upstream from the AUG initiator codon; only 6 of the mRNAs in the survey have a pyrimidine in that position. There is a predominance of C in positions -1, -2, -4 and -5, just upstream from the initiator codon. The sequence CCAGCCAUG (G) thus emerges as a consensus sequence for eukaryotic initiation sites. The extent to which the ribosome binding site in a given mRNA matches the -1 to -5 consensus sequence varies: more than half of the mRNAs in the tabulation have 3 or 4 nucleotides in common with the CCACC consensus, but only ten mRNAs conform perfectly.
            Article 0 comments Cited 211 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Rift Valley fever epidemic in Saudi Arabia: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics.

              Tariq Madani, Yagob Al-Mazrou, Mohammad Al-Jeffri … (2003)
              This cohort descriptive study summarizes the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemic that occurred in Saudi Arabia from 26 August 2000 through 22 September 2001. A total of 886 cases were reported. Of 834 reported cases for which laboratory results were available, 81.9% were laboratory confirmed, of which 51.1% were positive for only RVF immunoglobulin M, 35.7% were positive for only RVF antigen, and 13.2% were positive for both. The mean age (+/- standard deviation) was 46.9+/-19.4 years, and the ratio of male to female patients was 4:1. Clinical and laboratory features included fever (92.6% of patients), nausea (59.4%), vomiting (52.6%), abdominal pain (38.0%), diarrhea (22.1%), jaundice (18.1%), neurological manifestations (17.1%), hemorrhagic manifestations (7.1%), vision loss or scotomas (1.5%), elevated liver enzyme levels (98%), elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (60.2%), thrombocytopenia (38.4%), leukopenia (39.7%), renal impairment or failure (27.8%), elevated creatine kinase level (27.3%), and severe anemia (15.1%). The mortality rate was 13.9%. Bleeding, neurological manifestations, and jaundice were independently associated with a high mortality rate. Patients with leukopenia had significantly a lower mortality rate than did those with a normal or high leukocyte count (2.3% vs. 27.9%; odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.63).
              Article 0 comments Cited 184 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ramon Flick
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virology
                Title: Virology
                Publisher: Elsevier Inc.
                ISSN (Print): 0042-6822
                ISSN (Electronic): 1096-0341
                Publication date PMC-release: 24 November 2009
                Publication date (Print): 5 February 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 November 2009
                Volume: 397
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 187-198
                Affiliations
                [a ]BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA
                [b ]University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
                [c ]NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames, IA, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Fax: +1 515 296 3820. rflick@ 123456bpsys.net
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0042-6822(09)00693-X
                DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.001
                PMC ID: 2813982
                PubMed ID: 19932911
                SO-VID: df95ae23-cb38-4079-b3ce-e79ec786f64e
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 3 September 2009
                Date revision received : 27 October 2009
                Date accepted : 2 November 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: rift valley fever virus,virus-like particle,vaccine,chimeric
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: rift valley fever virus, virus-like particle, vaccine, chimeric

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