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      Potential of Lanistes varicus in limiting the population of Bulinus truncatus

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To determine the ability of the Ampullariid, Lanistes varicus to prey on egg masses and juveniles of Bulinus truncatus snails, an intermediate host of urogenital schistosomiasis in West Africa.

          Results

          Lanistes varicus was found to feed voraciously on egg masses and juveniles of Bulinus truncatus, consuming all egg masses (20 –25) exposed to it within 24 h. Also, 95–100% of 1–2 days old B. truncatus snails exposed to a single L. varicus snail was consumed within 4 days. The presence of L. varicus snails greatly increased mortality in B. truncatus with mortality increasing with increase in the number of L. varicus snails in the mixture of the two snail species. The current study has demonstrated under laboratory conditions that the Ghanaian strain of L. varicus has the potential of limiting the population of B. truncatus snails, and contribute to the control of urogenital schistosomiasis in West Africa.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2837-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Regulation of laboratory populations of snails (Biomphalaria and Bulinus spp.) by river prawns, Macrobrachium spp. (Decapoda, Palaemonidae): implications for control of schistosomiasis.

          Susanne H. Sokolow, Kevin Lafferty, Armand M. Kuris (2014)
          Human schistosomiasis is a common parasitic disease endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries. One barrier to achieving long-term control of this disease has been re-infection of treated patients when they swim, bathe, or wade in surface fresh water infested with snails that harbor and release larval parasites. Because some snail species are obligate intermediate hosts of schistosome parasites, removing snails may reduce parasitic larvae in the water, reducing re-infection risk. Here, we evaluate the potential for snail control by predatory freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and M. vollenhovenii, native to Asia and Africa, respectively. Both prawn species are high value, protein-rich human food commodities, suggesting their cultivation may be beneficial in resource-poor settings where few other disease control options exist. In a series of predation trials in laboratory aquaria, we found both species to be voracious predators of schistosome-susceptible snails, hatchlings, and eggs, even in the presence of alternative food, with sustained average consumption rates of 12% of their body weight per day. Prawns showed a weak preference for Bulinus truncatus over Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Consumption rates were highly predictable based on the ratio of prawn: snail body mass, suggesting satiation-limited predation. Even the smallest prawns tested (0.5-2g) caused snail recruitment failure, despite high snail fecundity. With the World Health Organization turning attention toward schistosomiasis elimination, native prawn cultivation may be a viable snail control strategy that offers a win-win for public health and economic development. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Water Contact Activities and Prevalence of Schistosomiasis Infection among School-age Children in Communities along an Irrigation Scheme in Rural Northern Ghana

            Francis Anto (2013)
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              Biological control of snail hosts transmitting schistosomiasis by the water bug, Sphaerodema urinator.

              Aly Younes, Hanaa El-Sherief, Fathia Gawish … (2017)
              The water bug, Sphaerodema urinator (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae), shares the same habitat of the freshwater snails in ponds, lakes, and streams. Studies conducted in lakes show that fish and crayfish predators play an important role in determining the abundance of freshwater snails. In contrast, shallow ponds and marches often lack fish and crayfish but have abundant insect predators. This study has been carried out to evaluate the predatory potential of S. urinator adult on two freshwater snails that serves as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma. Laboratory evaluation of predation by S. urinator on these intermediate hosts revealed that the adult bug could kill and consume the two intermediate hosts: Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina. The number of snails consumed differed according to the snail type, size, and density. The times taken for searching and handling times were depending on the snail size, type, and vulnerability of the predator. The predation rate varied also with respect to snail type and density. Prey size is a major factor influencing predator preferences. This study indicated that the predator, S. urinator, may be a suitable bio-control agent in connection with Schistosoma intermediate hosts in the aquatic area.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Francis Anto:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-5481
                fanto@ug.edu.gh
                Langbong Bimi: lbimi@ug.edu.gh
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes
                Title: BMC Research Notes
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 October 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 October 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 509
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 1485, GRID grid.8652.9, School of Public Health, , University of Ghana, ; Legon, Ghana
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 1485, GRID grid.8652.9, Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, , University of Ghana, ; Legon, Ghana
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-5481
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2837
                DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2837-9
                PMC ID: 5657124
                PubMed ID: 29070058
                SO-VID: dfb17497-33a6-4e06-abfd-7e3f029d1e24
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 22 June 2017
                Date accepted : 19 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research Note
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: lanistes varicus,bulinus truncatus,schistosoma haematobium,tono irrigation system,biological control
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: lanistes varicus, bulinus truncatus, schistosoma haematobium, tono irrigation system, biological control

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