First mussel settlement observed in Antarctica reveals the potential for future invasions

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Abstract

Global biodiversity is both declining and being redistributed in response to multiple drivers characterizing the Anthropocene, including synergies between biological invasions and climate change. The Antarctic marine benthos may constitute the last biogeographic realm where barriers (oceanographic currents, climatic gradients) have not yet been broken. Here we report the successful settlement of a cohort of Mytilus cf. platensis in a shallow subtidal habitat of the South Shetland Islands in 2019, which demonstrates the ability of this species to complete its early life stages in this extreme environment. Genetic analyses and shipping records show that this observation is consistent with the dominant vectors and pathways linking southern Patagonia with the Antarctic Peninsula and demonstrates the potential for impending invasions of Antarctic ecosystems.

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Most cited references 26

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Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous marine organisms.

J Cariton, J Geller (1993)

Ocean-going ships carry, as ballast, seawater that is taken on in port and released at subsequent ports of call. Plankton samples from Japanese ballast water released in Oregon contained 367 taxa. Most taxa with a planktonic phase in their life cycle were found in ballast water, as were all major marine habitat and trophic groups. Transport of entire coastal planktonic assemblages across oceanic barriers to similar habitats renders bays, estuaries, and inland waters among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. Presence of taxonomically difficult or inconspicuous taxa in these samples suggests that ballast water invasions are already pervasive.

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Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat

Jasmine R. Lee, Ben Raymond, Thomas Bracegirdle … (2017)

Permanently ice-free areas, home to almost all of Antarctica’s biodiversity, are projected, in the worst case, to expand by over 17,000 km2 as a result of climate change by the end of this century, with potentially deleterious consequences for the continent’s biodiversity.

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Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes.

Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburg, Kristen Kuhn … (2012)

The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, but has experienced episodic climate change during the past 40 million years. It remains unclear how ancient periods of climate change have shaped Antarctic biodiversity. The origin of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in Antarctic notothenioid fishes has become a classic example of how the evolution of a key innovation in response to climate change can drive adaptive radiation. By using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of notothenioids and reconstructed paleoclimate, we demonstrate that the origin of AFGP occurred between 42 and 22 Ma, which includes a period of global cooling approximately 35 Ma. However, the most species-rich lineages diversified and evolved significant ecological differences at least 10 million years after the origin of AFGPs, during a second cooling event in the Late Miocene (11.6-5.3 Ma). This pattern indicates that AFGP was not the sole trigger of the notothenioid adaptive radiation. Instead, the bulk of the species richness and ecological diversity originated during the Late Miocene and into the Early Pliocene, a time coincident with the origin of polar conditions and increased ice activity in the Southern Ocean. Our results challenge the current understanding of the evolution of Antarctic notothenioids suggesting that the ecological opportunity that underlies this adaptive radiation is not linked to a single trait, but rather to a combination of freeze avoidance offered by AFGPs and subsequent exploitation of new habitats and open niches created by increased glacial and ice sheet activity.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Leyla Cárdenas: leylacardenas@uach.cl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 26 March 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 26 March 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 5552

Affiliations

[1 ]Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0487 459X, GRID grid.7119.e, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, , Universidad Austral de Chile, ; Valdivia, Chile

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2199 9982, GRID grid.412876.e, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), ; Concepción, Chile

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0487 459X, GRID grid.7119.e, Instituto de Acuicultura, , Universidad Austral de Chile, ; Puerto Montt, Chile

[5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0487 459X, GRID grid.7119.e, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, , Universidad Austral de Chile, ; Valdivia, Chile

[6 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8390, GRID grid.23856.3a, Department of Biology and Quebec-Ocean Institute, , Laval University, ; Québec, QC Canada

[7 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2284 9898, GRID grid.268275.c, Maritime Studies Program, , Williams College, ; Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT USA

Article

Publisher ID: 62340

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62340-0

PMC ID: 7099062

PubMed ID: 32218472

SO-VID: dfc9869d-13e8-4dde-95e5-4f35319dbea9

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 25 November 2019

Date accepted : 5 March 2020

Funding

Funded by: Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de InvestigaciÓn en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP)

Award ID: Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (grant n˚15150003)

Award Recipient : Leyla Cárdenas Jean-Charles Leclerc Paulina Bruning Ignacio Garrido Camille Détrée Marcela Astorga Jorge M. Navarro James T. Carlton Luis Pardo

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002850, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y TecnolÓgico;

Award ID: 1170591

Award Recipient : Luis Pardo

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: ecology,climate sciences,environmental sciences,natural hazards,ocean sciences

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: ecology, climate sciences, environmental sciences, natural hazards, ocean sciences

First mussel settlement observed in Antarctica reveals the potential for future invasions

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Most cited references 26

Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous marine organisms.

Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat

Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes.

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