Depressive symptoms and associated factors among adolescents in different pubertal stages in a district of Chongqing

Abstract

Objective To explore the status of depressive symptoms among adolescents in different pubertal stages in a district of Chongqing.

Methods A self-designed questionnaire and Children’s Depression Inventory were administered among 1 001 students in a district of Chongqing. Score and associated factors of depressive symptoms of adolescents through descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square test, analysis of variance and Logistic regression analysis.

Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents in a district of Chongqing was 17.3%, and the total score of depression scale was (12.02±6.72). There were statistically significant differences in the inefficiency subscale score of boys across stages of genital, pubic hair, armpit hair and beard, and whether the first spemiaton’hea has occurred ( t/F=7.08, 5.46, 5.18, 4.21, 5.84, P<0.05), while significant differences were found in the anhedonia and inefficiency subscales scores among girls across different stages of breast, pubic hair and armpit hair, and whether menarche has occurred( t/F=19.43, 4.92, 3.98, 7.35, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the absence of first spermatorrhea and menarche were associated with lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in boys and girls ( OR=0.60 95% CI=0.36-0.98; OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.22-1.00), while pubic hair development was associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in girls ( OR=9.58, 95% CI=1.28-71.71).

Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents is relatively low. Boys who have had the first spermatorrhea, and girls with advanced pubic hair development or have had menarche are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 探究重庆市某区青少年各青春发育指标处于不同发育阶段时的抑郁现况, 为改善青少年身心健康提供依 据。 方法 对重庆市九龙坡区 1 001 名随访小学髙年级和初中学生米用自编问卷和抑郁量表(Children’s Depression Inventory, CDI) 进行调査, 通过描述性统计分析、χ ² 检验、方差分析和多因素 Logistic 回归分析统计调査对象的抑郁症状检出率、 得分和影响因素等。 结果 青少年抑郁症状的检出率为 17.3%, 抑郁量表总得分为 (12.02±6.72)分, 外生殖器、阴毛、腋毛 和胡须处于不同发育阶段以及是否发生首次遗精的男生效率低下分量表得分差异均有统计学意义 ( t/F 值分别为 7.08, 5.46, 5.18, 4.21, 5.84), 乳房、阴毛和腋毛处于不同发育阶段以及是否发生月经初潮的女生快感缺乏、效率低下分量表得分 差异均有统计学意义 ( t/F值分别为 19.43, 4.92, 3.98, 7.35, P 值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示, 男生未出现 首次遗精和女生未发生月经初潮与抑郁症状呈负相关 ( OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.36~0.98; OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.22~1.00), 女 生阴毛处于发育期与检出抑郁症状呈正相关 ( OR=9.58, 95% CI=1.28~71.71)。 结论 青春早中期青少年抑郁症状检出率 处于较低水平, 已发生首次遗精的男生、阴毛发育较为成熟的女生和已发生月经初潮的女生更易出现抑郁情绪和症状。