CONSTRUCCIÓN CONCEPTUAL AD HOC E INTERPRETACIÓN METAFÓRICA

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Abstract

El objetivo de este artículo es señalar que la construcción conceptual ad hoc metafórica se produce mediante una analogía. La teoría de la interacción da cuenta de este rasgo peculiar de la metáfora apelando a una aplicación parcial de un dominio conceptual a otro y es más explicativa que la teoría de la relevancia con su procedimiento de ajuste conceptual para determinar una denotación más amplia. La teoría de la interacción, además, puede dar una explicación homogénea del tipo de construcción conceptual ad hoc que caracteriza a todas las interpretaciones metafóricas; los casos más creativos, ejemplos cuyos vehículos metafóricos remiten a conceptos ad hoc, pueden explicarse sin apelar a una ruta de interpretación distinta, como se defiende en el enfoque relevantista más reciente.

Translated abstract

The objective of this paper is to point out that metaphoric ad hoc concepts are derived by means of analogy. Interaction theory can account for this peculiar feature by appealing to a partial mapping from one conceptual domain onto another (Romero & Soria, 2005a; 2007) and is more explanatory than relevance theory, with its view of concept adjustment to achieve a wider denotation (Carston, 2002; 2010a; Wilson & Carston, 2006). Furthermore, interaction theory can provide a homogeneous explanation of the type of ad hoc conceptual construction that characterizes all cases of metaphoric interpretation. The most creative cases, that is, examples whose metaphoric vehicles stand for ad hoc concepts, may be explained without resorting to a different interpretation route as argued for in the most recent relevance theory account (Carston, 2010b).

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Ideals, central tendency, and frequency of instantiation as determinants of graded structure in categories.

L. W. Barsalou (1985)

Three possible determinants of graded structure (typicality) were observed in common taxonomic categories and goal-derived categories: (1) an exemplar's similarity to ideals associated with goals its category serves; (2) an exemplar's similarity to the central tendency of its category (family resemblance); and (3) an exemplar's frequency of instantiation (people's subjective estimates of how often it is encountered as a category member). Experiment 1 found that central tendency did not predict graded structure in goal-derived categories, although it did predict graded structure in common taxonomic categories. Ideals and frequency of instantiation predicted graded structure in both category types to sizeable and equal extents. A fourth possible determinant--familiarity--did not predict typicality in either common taxonomic or goal-derived categories. Experiment 2 demonstrated that both central tendency and ideals causally determine graded structure, and work showing that frequency causally determines graded structure is discussed. Experiment 2 also demonstrated that the determinants of a particular category's graded structure can change with context. Whereas ideals may determine a category's graded structure in one context, central tendency may determine a different graded structure in another. It is proposed that graded structures do not reflect invariant structures associated with categories but instead reflect people's dynamic ability to construct concepts.