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      The effects of transport by pneumatic tube system on blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation and coagulation tests

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Today, the pneumatic tube transport system (PTS) is used frequently because of its advantages related to timing and speed. However, the impact of various types of PTS on blood components is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PTS on the quality of routine blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, and certain blood coagulation tests.

          Materials and methods:

          Paired blood samples were obtained from each of 45 human volunteers and evaluated by blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation, and several coagulation tests, including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Blood samples were divided into 2 groups: Samples from group 1 were transported to the laboratory via the PTS, and samples from group 2 were transported to the laboratory manually. Both groups were evaluated immediately by the tests listed above.

          Results:

          The blood sample test results from groups 1 and 2 were evaluated and compared. No statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.069–0.977).

          Conclusion:

          The PTS yielded no observable effects on blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, or PT and aPTT test results. We concluded that the PTS can be used to transport blood samples and yield reliable results for blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, and several coagulation tests.

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          Most cited references17

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          Pneumatic tube system induced haemolysis: assessing sample type susceptibility to haemolysis.

          Ravinder Sodi, Simon M Darn, Anthony Stott (2004)
          The pneumatic tube system (PTS) has been implicated in inducing haemolysis. It is not known whether certain sample types are more susceptible to haemolysis than others. We assessed the level of haemolysis in commonly used sample types in the clinical biochemistry department when transported through the PTS. Blood was collected in pairs for different sample types and sent to the laboratory via the pneumatic tube or delivered by a porter. Haemolysis indices were measured spectrophotometrically and compared for each pair of sample type. Our results suggest that plain serum samples are more susceptible to haemolysis than the other sample types when sent through our PTS (P <0.0001). Compared with serum with gel samples, plain serum samples are more prone to haemolysis (P <0.001). This suggests that gel may confer some protection against haemolysis. Different hospitals will have varying system configurations and use different sample types. We recommend that each hospital investigate their own system to assess whether haemolysis is a recurring problem in any of the sample types transported.
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            Pneumatic tube delivery system for blood samples reduces turnaround times without affecting sample quality.

            Kevin Eva, Stephen Hill, Andrew Worster … (2006)
            In this study, blood samples from ED patients that were delivered to the laboratory by a pneumatic tube delivery system and by a human courier were compared for timeliness and quality of results. We studied all consecutive measurements of serum hemoglobin and potassium ordered from 2 emergency departments of a multisite tertiary care hospital system, one with a pneumatic tube system and the other using human couriers. Turnaround time was measured from the time that the test was ordered by the physician to the time the result was reported on the hospital information system. Hemolysis was measured with use of a standardized, validated method. Times were normalized by log transformation (ln [minutes + 1]), and a comparison of sites was conducted using analysis of variance. Hemolysis rates of the 2 delivery systems were compared by chi2. There was no significant difference in hemolysis rate between the 2 methods of delivery (7/121 [5.79%] with a pneumatic tube system and 20/200 [10%] with a human courier). When delivered with a pneumatic tube system, the mean turnaround times (with ranges) for both hemoglobin (33 minutes [4-230]) and potassium (64 [34-208]) were shorter than those delivered by a human courier (43 minutes [3-150] and 72 [28-213], respectively). The use of a pneumatic tube delivery system for transporting blood samples from the emergency department to the laboratory can significantly reduce the turnaround times of results without a reduction in sample quality.
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              Evaluation of a computer-directed pneumatic-tube system for pneumatic transport of blood specimens.

              D. Weaver, D. Miller, E A Leventhal … (1978)
              The results of sending specimens through a computerized pneumatic airtransport system and manually delivering specimens were compared for 15 chemical tests and six hematologic procedures. All specimens were collected from inpatients and outpatients into evacuated glass containers. The specimens traversed a maximum of 829 feet (253 meters) involving 16 bends and eight transfer units at 25 feet/second (7.6 meters/second). Only the activity of lactate dehydrogenase exceeded the precision of the test in pneumatically transported specimens. Ruptured erythrocytes in incompletely filled vacuum tubes were the likely source of the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Neither the serum sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, uric acid, leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, nor the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were affected by pneumatic transport. It is concluded that the pneumatic system tested provides a safe, efficient method of transporting the blood specimens tested.
              Article 0 comments Cited 9 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biochem Med (Zagreb)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biochem Med (Zagreb)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Biochemia Medica
                Title: Biochemia Medica
                Publisher: Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
                ISSN (Print): 1330-0962
                ISSN (Electronic): 1846-7482
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 June 2013
                Publication date Collection: June 2013
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 206-210
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Kütahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital of Faculty of Medicine of Dumlupınar University, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Kütahya, Turkey
                [2 ]Institute of Science of Dumlupınar University, Department of Molecular Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
                [3 ]Kütahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital of Faculty of Medicine of Dumlupınar University, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kütahya, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: dremelk@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: biochem_med-23-2-206-9
                DOI: 10.11613/BM.2013.024
                PMC ID: 3900063
                PubMed ID: 23894866
                SO-VID: dfd5d406-b4c1-4cf6-9b59-e0b48f716fe4
                Copyright © ©Copyright by Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 25 October 2012
                Date accepted : 21 February 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Original Papers

                Keywords: activated partial thromboplastin time,blood cell count,erythrocyte sedimentation,pneumatic tube system,prothrombin time
                Data availability:
                Keywords: activated partial thromboplastin time, blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation, pneumatic tube system, prothrombin time

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