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      Neuroética en fotogramas Translated title: Neuroethics in frames

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          Abstract

          Resumen El auge de la neurociencia y la neurotecnología parece imparable. Cada vez sus posibilidades terapéuticas y el sueño de la neuromejora se hacen más evidentes. En este ensayo hacemos un recorrido descriptivo de una disciplina híbrida relativamente nueva, como es la neuroética, disciplina capaz de servir como marco deontológico de las profesiones «neuro», capaz también de investigar aspectos de la condición humana tradicionalmente reservados a otras áreas de conocimiento. Además, teniendo en cuenta que este «neuroesencialismo» también ha impregnado al séptimo arte, utilizamos el cine de ciencia-ficción como herramienta divulgadora de algunos de los hitos más destacados en la agenda investigadora de la neurociencia de la ética, como es el origen neurobiológico del libre albedrío y de la responsabilidad moral.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The rise of neuroscience and neurotechnology seems unstoppable. Each time its therapeutic possibilities and the desire of neuroenhancement become more evident. In this essay we make a descriptive tour of a relatively new hybrid discipline, such as neuroethics, a discipline capable of serving as a deontological framework of the «neuro» professions, also capable of investigating aspects of the human condition traditionally reserved for other areas of knowledge. In addition, taking into account that this «neuro-essentialism» has also reached the film industry, we use science-fiction movies to explain the most important milestones in the neuroscience of ethics, such as the neurobiological origin of free will and moral responsibility.

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          Most cited references19

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          Neuroethics for the new millenium.

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            Readiness-potentials preceding unrestricted 'spontaneous' vs. pre-planned voluntary acts.

            The nature of readiness-potentials (RPs) that may be associated with fully endogenous, 'freely' voluntary acts was investigated. Restriction on when to act were eliminated and instructions fostered 'spontaneity.' The 'self-initiated' RPs exhibited in these conditions were categorizable into two (possibly three) types, all of which could be exhibited by the same subject. Type I had an early onset at about -1050 +/- 175 msec and a long ramp-like form, resembling self-paced RPs. In type II the main negative shift began at about -575 +/- 150 msec, and at about -240 +/- 50 msec in type III. Type II partially resembled the similarly timed NS' component in self-paced RPs. For acts produced at known, preset times, in which freedom of choice was eliminated but planning to act was required, RPs resembled self-initiated type I RPs and self-paced RPs. All RPs were maximal at the vertex, especially type II even though it was also bilaterally asymmetrical. These distributions suggest that cortical areas other than area 4 and 6 contribute importantly, especially to type II. All RPs, whether in self-initiated or pre-planned acts, appear related specifically to preparation for a motor action. When task-related skin stimuli replaced self-initiated movements, under similar conditions of attentiveness (and expectancy), there were either no or relatively small event-preceding-slow potential shifts. All post-stimulus P300 waves were very large. Two volitional processes are postulated: process I is associated with development of pre-planning or preparation to act in the near future (seconds), whether voluntary choice is present (type I RPs) or absent (pre-set RPs); process II, with an onset at roughly 0.5 sec before the act, is associated more uniquely with voluntary choice and with the more specific as well as endogenous urge or intention to act; it can be present in the comparative absence of or in sequence and overlapping with process I.
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              The Mystery of Consciousness

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmc
                Revista de Medicina y Cine
                Rev Med Cine
                Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                1885-5210
                September 2022
                : 18
                : 3
                : 249-258
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Europea de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Spain
                Article
                S1885-52102022000300006 S1885-5210(22)01800300006
                10.14201/rmc.29542
                dfe341a3-f6fa-4fc6-9c36-981c363075ea

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 December 2021
                : 21 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                ciencia-ficción,neurociencia,neuroética,neuroenhancement,transhumanism,sci-fi,neuroscience,neuroethics,neuromejora,transhumanismo

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