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      Comparison of accuracy of two electronic apex locators in the presence of various irrigants: An in vitro study

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          Abstract

          Aim:

          This study was designed to compare the accuracy of Root ZX and SybronEndo Mini, electronic apex locators (EALs), in the presence of various irrigants.

          Materials and Methods:

          Sixty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and the root canals coronally flared. The actual length (AL) was assessed visually and teeth mounted in the gelatin model. The electronic length (EL) measurements were recorded with both EALs in the presence of 0.9% saline; 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and 17% EDTA solution, at “0.5” reading on display. The differences between the EL and AL were compared.

          Results:

          The accuracy of EL measurement of Root ZX and Sybron Mini within±0.5 mm of AL was consistently high in the presence of NaOCl and found to be least with EDTA.

          Conclusion:

          EL measurements were shorter with 1% NaOCl, whereas longer with 2% CHX for both the devices. Sybron Mini was more accurate with 1% NaOCl and 2% CHX than Root ZX.

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          Most cited references24

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          The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measurement devices.

          Ben J. Hayes, Paul Dummer, M. Ghandi … (2006)
          It is generally accepted that root canal treatment procedures should be confined within the root canal system. To achieve this objective the canal terminus must be detected accurately during canal preparation and precise control of working length during the process must be maintained. Several techniques have been used for determining the apical canal terminus including electronic methods. However, the fundamental electronic operating principles and classification of the electronic devices used in this method are often unknown and a matter of controversy. The basic assumption with all electronic length measuring devices is that human tissues have certain characteristics that can be modelled by a combination of electrical components. Therefore, by measuring the electrical properties of the model, such as resistance and impedance, it should be possible to detect the canal terminus. The root canal system is surrounded by dentine and cementum that are insulators to electrical current. At the minor apical foramen, however, there is a small hole in which conductive materials within the canal space (tissue, fluid) are electrically connected to the periodontal ligament that is itself a conductor of electric current. Thus, dentine, along with tissue and fluid inside the canal, forms a resistor, the value of which depends on their dimensions, and their inherent resistivity. When an endodontic file penetrates inside the canal and approaches the minor apical foramen, the resistance between the endodontic file and the foramen decreases, because the effective length of the resistive material (dentine, tissue, fluid) decreases. As well as resistive properties, the structure of the tooth root has capacitive characteristics. Therefore, various electronic methods have been developed that use a variety of other principles to detect the canal terminus. Whilst the simplest devices measure resistance, other devices measure impedance using either high frequency, two frequencies, or multiple frequencies. In addition, some systems use low frequency oscillation and/or a voltage gradient method to detect the canal terminus. The aim of this review was to clarify the fundamental operating principles of the different types of electronic systems that claim to measure canal length.
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            Microscopic investigation of root apexes.

            Y Kuttler (1955)
            Article 0 comments Cited 49 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Electronic apex locators.

              Andrew M. Gordon, N Chandler (2004)
              Prior to root canal treatment at least one undistorted radiograph is required to assess canal morphology. The apical extent of instrumentation and the final root filling have a role in treatment success, and are primarily determined radiographically. Electronic apex locators reduce the number of radiographs required and assist where radiographic methods create difficulty. They may also indicate cases where the apical foramen is some distance from the radiographic apex. Other roles include the detection of root canal perforation. A review of the literature focussed first on the subject of electronic apex location. A second review used the names of apex location devices. From the combined searches, 113 pertinent articles in English were found. This paper reviews the development, action, use and types of electronic apex locators.
              Article 0 comments Cited 48 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Conserv Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Conserv Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCD
                Title: Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-0707
                ISSN (Electronic): 0974-5203
                Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2012
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 178-182
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS University, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. J Paras Mull, No.12/2, 1 st Main, Gandhi Nagar, Mysore - 570 007, Karnataka, India. E-mail: drparas.gehlot@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JCD-15-178
                DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.94585
                PMC ID: 3339016
                PubMed ID: 22557820
                SO-VID: e002ddef-6f7c-4e0e-a6d1-886a1dc7fa12
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Conservative Dentistry
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 22 April 2011
                Date revision received : 27 December 2011
                Date accepted : 05 January 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: irrigants,root canal length measurements,root zx,sybron mini,electronic apex locators
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: irrigants, root canal length measurements, root zx, sybron mini, electronic apex locators

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