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      Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

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          Abstract

          Purpose: To identify the differences in risk factors and visual field (VF) changes between juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) and late-onset chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG). Methods: The demographic and presenting clinical data of 27 JOAG and 30 COAG patients were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: A family history of glaucoma (37%) and a history of steroid usage (14.8%) were identified in JOAG patients only. The JOAG patients had a longer axial length (p < 0.001) and more often a myopic refractive state (p < 0.001) than the COAG patients. Patients with COAG showed a deeper (p = 0.016) and a more extensive (p = 0.008) defect in the superior than in the inferior hemifield, as well as a deeper (p = 0.016) and a more extensive (p = 0.001) defect in the superior than in the inferior arcuate area, while JOAG patients showed symmetric VF defects between the superior and inferior hemifields. Purely diffuse VF depression is more common in JOAG than in COAG patients (p = 0.03). Conclusions: JOAG patients demonstrated more axial myopic changes than patients with COAG as well as a pattern of superior-inferior symmetric VF defects. Axial myopia may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of JOAG.

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          The relationship between glaucoma and myopia

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            Juvenile glaucoma, race, and refraction.

            Of 68 patients who presented between the ages of 10 and 35 years with elevated intraocular pressure, 25 were classified as juvenile ocular hypertension and 43 as juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Blacks constituted a greater proportion of the primary open-angle glaucoma patients (47%) than of the ocular hypertensives (20%) and in both groups presented at younger ages than did whites. Myopia was present in 59% of the ocular hypertensives and 73% of the primary open-angle glaucoma patients, of whom 39% had more than 6 diopters of myopia. All eyes of black patients with more than 3 diopters of myopia had glaucomatous defects compared with 52% of such eyes of white patients. Our data suggest that myopia is strongly associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma and that young black patients with elevated intraocular pressure, especially when myopic, are more susceptible to glaucomatous damage than are whites.
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              OPH
              Ophthalmologica
              10.1159/issn.0030-3755
              Ophthalmologica
              S. Karger AG
              0030-3755
              1423-0267
              2002
              February 2002
              14 March 2002
              : 216
              : 1
              : 27-32
              Affiliations
              Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
              Article
              48293 Ophthalmologica 2002;216:27–32
              10.1159/000048293
              11901285
              e002e834-333b-4648-9d8a-37aac43b779a
              © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

              Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

              History
              Page count
              Figures: 1, Tables: 4, References: 21, Pages: 6
              Categories
              Original Paper · Travail original · Originalarbeit

              Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
              Age of onset, glaucoma,Myopia,Visual field changes,Open-angle glaucoma,Risk factors, glaucoma

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