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      Paper‐based Wearable Electrochemical Sensors: A New Generation of Analytical Devices

      1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2
      Electroanalysis
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          Over the past few years, the emergence of electrochemical wearable sensors has attracted considerable attention because of their promising application in point‐of‐care testing due to some features such as high sensitivity, simplicity, miniaturization, and low fabrication cost. Recent developments in new fabrication approaches and innovative substrates have resulted in sensors able to real‐time and on‐body measurements. Wearable electrochemical sensors have also been combined with paper‐based substrates and directly used on human skin for different applications for non‐invasive analyses. Furthermore, wearable electrochemical sensors enable monitoring analytes in different biofluids without complex procedures, such as pre‐treatment or sample manipulation. The coupling of IoT to various wearable sensors has also attracted attention due to real‐time data collection and handling in remote and resource‐limited conditions. This mini‐review presents the significant advances in developing wearable electrochemical devices, such as sampling, data collection, connection protocols, and power sources, and discusses some critical challenges for higher performance in this field. We also present an overview of the application of paper as an intelligent substrate for electrochemical wearable sensors and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Lastly, conclude by highlighting the future advances in wearable sensors and diagnostics by coupling real‐time and on‐body measurements to multiplexed detection of different biomarkers simultaneously, reducing the cost and time of classical analysis to provide fast and complete overall physiological conditions to the wearer.

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          Most cited references121

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          Flexible triboelectric generator

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              Paper electronics.

              Paper is ubiquitous in everyday life and a truly low-cost substrate. The use of paper substrates could be extended even further, if electronic applications would be applied next to or below the printed graphics. However, applying electronics on paper is challenging. The paper surface is not only very rough compared to plastics, but is also porous. While this is detrimental for most electronic devices manufactured directly onto paper substrates, there are also approaches that are compatible with the rough and absorptive paper surface. In this review, recent advances and possibilities of these approaches are evaluated and the limitations of paper electronics are discussed. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Electroanalysis
                Electroanalysis
                Wiley
                1040-0397
                1521-4109
                January 2023
                June 28 2022
                January 2023
                : 35
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
                [2 ] National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic (INCTBio) Brazil
                Article
                10.1002/elan.202200177
                e002f2b2-d350-43ff-b4f6-104c71394670
                © 2023

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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