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      Acinetobacter baumannii: evolution of a global pathogen

      1 , 1 , 2
      Pathogens and Disease
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and one of the six most important multidrug-resistant microorganisms in hospitals worldwide. This human pathogen is responsible for a vast array of infections, of which ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections are the most common, and mortality rates can reach 35%. Community-acquired infections have also been reported, but few strains have been recovered from environmental sources and infection reservoirs external to the hospital have not been identified. The majority of A. baumannii infections are caused by two main population clones with worldwide distribution. Infection outbreaks are often associated with multidrug resistance, including the recent emergence of strains resistant to all available antibiotics. Nevertheless, A. baumannii virulence traits and pathogenic potential have mostly remained elusive. The recent expansion of A. baumannii sequenced genomes has permitted the development of large-array phylogenomic and phenotypic analyses, which can offer valuable insights into the evolution and adaptation of A. baumannii as a human pathogen. This review summarises these recent advances, with particular focus on A. baumannii evolutionary and genomic aspects, and proposes new avenues of research. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.

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          Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen.

          Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a highly troublesome pathogen for many institutions globally. As a consequence of its immense ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants, it has justifiably been propelled to the forefront of scientific attention. Apart from its predilection for the seriously ill within intensive care units, A. baumannii has more recently caused a range of infectious syndromes in military personnel injured in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. This review details the significant advances that have been made in our understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.
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            Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features.

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              An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

              Since the 1970s, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter strains among critically ill, hospitalized patients, and subsequent epidemics, have become an increasing cause of concern. Reports of community-acquired Acinetobacter infections have also increased over the past decade. A recent manifestation of MDR Acinetobacter that has attracted public attention is its association with infections in severely injured soldiers. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the genus Acinetobacter, with the emphasis on the clinically most important species, Acinetobacter baumannii.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pathogens and Disease
                Pathogens Disease
                Wiley
                2049632X
                August 2014
                August 2014
                January 27 2014
                : 71
                : 3
                : 292-301
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Sciences; Roma Tre University; Rome Italy
                [2 ]Department of Clinical Microbiology; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Queen's Medical Centre; Nottingham UK
                Article
                10.1111/2049-632X.12125
                24376225
                e0255985-276f-4472-bb50-d718600ab5a5
                © 2014
                History

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