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      Transcriptome Profiling and Differential Gene Expression in Canine Microdissected Anagen and Telogen Hair Follicles and Interfollicular Epidermis

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          Abstract

          The transcriptome profile and differential gene expression in telogen and late anagen microdissected hair follicles and the interfollicular epidermis of healthy dogs was investigated by using RNAseq. The genes with the highest expression levels in each group were identified and genes known from studies in other species to be associated with structure and function of hair follicles and epidermis were evaluated. Transcriptome profiling revealed that late anagen follicles expressed mainly keratins and telogen follicles expressed GSN and KRT15. The interfollicular epidermis expressed predominately genes encoding for proteins associated with differentiation. All sample groups express genes encoding for proteins involved in cellular growth and signal transduction. The expression pattern of skin-associated genes in dogs is similar to humans. Differences in expression compared to mice and humans include BMP2 expression mainly in telogen and high KRT17 expression in the interfollicular epidermis of dogs. Our data provide the basis for the investigation of the structure and function of canine skin or skin disease and support the use of dogs as a model for human cutaneous disease by assigning gene expression to specific tissue states.

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          FastQC: a quality-control tool for high-throughput sequence data.

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            Lgr6 marks stem cells in the hair follicle that generate all cell lineages of the skin.

            Mammalian epidermis consists of three self-renewing compartments: the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland, and the interfollicular epidermis. We generated knock-in alleles of murine Lgr6, a close relative of the Lgr5 stem cell gene. Lgr6 was expressed in the earliest embryonic hair placodes. In adult hair follicles, Lgr6+ cells resided in a previously uncharacterized region directly above the follicle bulge. They expressed none of the known bulge stem cell markers. Prenatal Lgr6+ cells established the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and interfollicular epidermis. Postnatally, Lgr6+ cells generated sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermis, whereas contribution to hair lineages gradually diminished with age. Adult Lgr6+ cells executed long-term wound repair, including the formation of new hair follicles. We conclude that Lgr6 marks the most primitive epidermal stem cell.
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              Epidermal stem cells of the skin.

              The skin constantly renews itself throughout adult life, and the hair follicle undergoes a perpetual cycle of growth and degeneration. Stem cells (SCs) residing in the epidermis and hair follicle ensure the maintenance of adult skin homeostasis and hair regeneration, but they also participate in the repair of the epidermis after injuries. We summarize here the current knowledge of epidermal SCs of the adult skin. We discuss their fundamental characteristics, the methods recently designed to isolate these cells, the genes preferentially expressed in the multipotent SC niche, and the signaling pathways involved in SC niche formation, SC maintenance, and activation. Finally, we speculate on how the deregulation of these pathways may lead to cancer formation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Genes (Basel)
                Genes (Basel)
                genes
                Genes
                MDPI
                2073-4425
                04 August 2020
                August 2020
                : 11
                : 8
                : 884
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; kgroch@ 123456cvm.tamu.edu
                [2 ]Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; maggali.b@ 123456googlemail.com (M.A.T.B.); tosso.leeb@ 123456vetsuisse.unibe.ch (T.L.); vidhya.jagannathan@ 123456vetsuisse.unibe.ch (V.J.)
                [3 ]Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; monika.welle@ 123456vetsuisse.unibe.ch
                [4 ]Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: dwiener@ 123456cvm.tamu.edu ; Tel.: +1-979-862-1568
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-4581
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-6391
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-4880
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-0041
                Article
                genes-11-00884
                10.3390/genes11080884
                7463739
                32759649
                e043385c-85f4-46d3-ac72-5e571e36f1bf
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 30 June 2020
                : 03 August 2020
                Categories
                Article

                dog,canis lupus familiaris,dermatology,hair cycle,microdissection,transcriptome analysis,rna-seq

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