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      Justice and Nonverbal Communication in a Post-pandemic World: An Evidence-Based Commentary and Cautionary Statement for Lawyers and Judges

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          Abstract

          On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The new physical distancing rules have had many consequences, some of which are felt throughout the justice system. Courts across the world limited their operations. Nonetheless, given that justice delayed is justice denied, many jurisdictions have turned to technologies for urgent matters. This paper offers an evidence-based comment and caution for lawyers and judges who could be inclined, for concerns such as cost and time saving, to permanently step aside from in-person trials. Using nonverbal communication research, in conjunction with American and Canadian legal principles, we argue that such a decision could harm the integrity of the justice system.

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          Most cited references57

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          Cues to deception.

          Do people behave differently when they are lying compared with when they are telling the truth? The combined results of 1,338 estimates of 158 cues to deception are reported. Results show that in some ways, liars are less forthcoming than truth tellers, and they tell less compelling tales. They also make a more negative impression and are more tense. Their stories include fewer ordinary imperfections and unusual contents. However, many behaviors showed no discernible links, or only weak links, to deceit. Cues to deception were more pronounced when people were motivated to succeed, especially when the motivations were identity relevant rather than monetary or material. Cues to deception were also stronger when lies were about transgressions.
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            Individual differences in judging deception: accuracy and bias.

            The authors report a meta-analysis of individual differences in detecting deception, confining attention to occasions when people judge strangers' veracity in real-time with no special aids. The authors have developed a statistical technique to correct nominal individual differences for differences introduced by random measurement error. Although researchers have suggested that people differ in the ability to detect lies, psychometric analyses of 247 samples reveal that these ability differences are minute. In terms of the percentage of lies detected, measurement-corrected standard deviations in judge ability are less than 1%. In accuracy, judges range no more widely than would be expected by chance, and the best judges are no more accurate than a stochastic mechanism would produce. When judging deception, people differ less in ability than in the inclination to regard others' statements as truthful. People also differ from one another as lie- and truth-tellers. They vary in the detectability of their lies. Moreover, some people are more credible than others whether lying or truth-telling. Results reveal that the outcome of a deception judgment depends more on the liar's credibility than any other individual difference. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA
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              How to Detect Deception? Arresting the Beliefs of Police Officers, Prosecutors and Judges

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                vincent.denault@umontreal.ca
                Journal
                J Nonverbal Behav
                J Nonverbal Behav
                Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
                Springer US (New York )
                0191-5886
                1573-3653
                9 August 2020
                : 1-10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.14848.31, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 3357, Department of Communication, , Université de Montréal, ; 90 Avenue Vincent-d’Indy, Outremont, QC H2V 2S9 Canada
                [2 ]Centre for Studies in Nonverbal Communication Sciences, Montreal, Canada
                [3 ]GRID grid.266757.7, ISNI 0000000114809378, Department of Psychological Sciences, , University of Missouri-St. Louis, ; St. Louis, USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-594X
                Article
                339
                10.1007/s10919-020-00339-x
                7415193
                32836607
                e066878e-5979-4b2e-9d9a-19118da7992b
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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                Categories
                Commentary

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                trials,witnesses,nonverbal communication,facial expressions,hand gestures,covid-19

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