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      OncoTargets and Therapy (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the pathological basis of cancers, potential targets for therapy and treatment protocols to improve the management of cancer patients. Publishing high-quality, original research on molecular aspects of cancer, including the molecular diagnosis, since 2008. Sign up for email alerts here. 50,877 Monthly downloads/views I 4.345 Impact Factor I 7.0 CiteScore I 0.81 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 0.811 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Large malignant ovarian tumors during pregnancy: two cases

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      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: OncoTargets and therapy
      Publisher: Dove Medical Press
      Keywords: ovarian malignancy, pregnancy, incidence

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          Abstract

          The present study reports two cases of large ovarian malignancy during pregnancy, which is very rare. The two patients were received between Nov 2012 and Feb 2013 at Gynecological and Obstetrical Department, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (People’s Republic of China). Both cases present tumor sized more than 20 cm, with one case of 40 cm. Both patients underwent timely cesarean section, with survival of the Child, and successful removal of the tumor. All patients showed good outcome in the follow-up period. Therefore the large ovarian malignancy during pregnancy could be well treated after careful clinical evaluation.

          Most cited references16

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          Serum levels of the ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 are decreased in pregnancy and increase with age.

          Richard Moore, Michael Craig Miller, Elizabeth Eklund … (2012)
          The purpose of this study was to establish normal ranges for human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) serum levels in healthy women. HE4 levels were measured in healthy women and analyzed by age, menopausal status, and pregnancy status. Upper 95th percentiles were determined for normal ranges. Serum samples from 1101 healthy women and 67 pregnant women were analyzed. Above the age of 40 years significant elevations in HE4 concentrations emerged with advancing age. The upper 95th percentile for HE4 levels was 89 pmol/L for premenopausal women, 128 pmol/L for postmenopausal women, and 115 pmol/L for all women. There was a significant difference in the median serum HE4 levels in premenopausal women (46.6 pmol/L) compared with postmenopausal women (57.6 pmol/L; P < .001). In pregnant women, median HE4 concentrations were significantly lower than their premenopausal counterparts (P < .001). HE4 serum concentrations vary significantly on the basis of age. These variations must be considered when the upper limit of normal for HE4 is determined. Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Ovarian cancer antigen CA 125 levels in pelvic inflammatory disease and pregnancy.

            U.-H. Stenman, H. Halila, Emma M Seppälä (1986)
            Circulating CA 125 levels were studied in patients with gynecologic cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease, and in pregnant women. The CA 125 level was elevated (greater than 35 U/ml) in 69% (9/13) of patients with active ovarian cancer, in 32% (7/22) of patients with active cervical or endometrial cancer, in 24% (11/46) of pregnant women, and in 33% (10/30) of patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Sixty-three other patients with nonmalignant gynecologic disorders, including 15 patients with ectopic pregnancy, had normal CA 125 levels. The occurrence of elevated CA 125 levels in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease can limit the use of the assay for diagnosis of cancer in young women. Gynecologic tumors may be associated with inflammatory reactions that may contribute to elevated CA 125 levels in some cancer patients.
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              Timing of pregnancy and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

              Victor Siskind, David C. Whiteman, David M. Purdie … (2002)
              Recent animal studies suggest that progestagen-induced apoptosis of transformed ovarian surface epithelial cells may underlie the observed protective effect of pregnancy on the risk of ovarian cancer. Assuming that increasing numbers of cells are transformed with advancing age, we postulated that the benefits of pregnancy would be greater for older than younger women and tested this hypothesis in a population-based case-control study. We conducted interviews with 620 parous women, ages 18-79 years, with histologically confirmed incident ovarian cancer and 723 parous controls of the same age. Detailed information was collected on reproductive history, as well as hormonal exposures, smoking, medical history, and other factors. We estimated the relative risk of ovarian cancer associated with births at different ages through multiple logistic regression models. After adjusting for parity, older age at first and last births, and shorter time since last birth were all associated with significantly reduced risks of ovarian cancer. Age at first birth and time since last birth were not associated with ovarian cancer when adjusted for each other, whereas age at last birth remained strongly protective [odds ratio (OR), 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.90] among women >35 years versus women less than 25 years. The effect was independent of total parity (per year of age among women with one birth: OR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.87-1.01; among women with four or more births: OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.90-1.02). Our finding that ovarian cancer risk is reduced by pregnancy at older ages is further evidence that pregnancy confers a benefit beyond anovulation and is consistent with the theory that ovarian surface epithelial cell apoptosis induced by pregnancy hormones may be the underlying protective mechanism.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Onco Targets Ther
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Onco Targets Ther
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OncoTargets and Therapy
                Title: OncoTargets and therapy
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-6930
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 November 2014
                Volume: 7
                Pages: 2121-2125
                Affiliations
                Gynecological and Obstetrical Department, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Jing He, Gynecological and Obstetrical Department, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China, Email hejing_zju@ 123456163.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: ott-7-2121
                DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S69799
                PMC ID: 4240190
                PubMed ID: 25484595
                SO-VID: e075167a-35c4-46e3-a5b0-cfd09c242a46
                Copyright © © 2014 Xu et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License
                License:

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Case Series

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: ovarian malignancy,pregnancy,incidence
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: ovarian malignancy, pregnancy, incidence

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