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      Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de cepas del orden bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre hongos fitopatógenos Translated title: Evaluation of antagonist capacity of bacillales strains isolated from vermicompost leachate on phytopatogenic fungi

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          Abstract

          Resumen El orden Bacillales se ha descrito como antagónico de fitopatógenos, además se ha mencionado en varios estudios algunas especies de este orden se encuentra en lixiviados de lombricomposta. En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto antagónico de cinco cepas del orden Bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre el crecimiento micelial de Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, y Rhizopus sp. Se aislaron e identificaron cinco cepas bacterianas por características morfológicas y bioquímicas de los lixiviados de lombricomposta, las cuales junto con Bacillus subtilis “tipo” se determinó el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial, siendo Bacillus licheniformis y B. badius las que mostraron los mejores resultados sobre los cinco hongos fitopatógenos evaluados. Estos resultados demuestran la presencia de cepas el orden Bacillales en los lixiviados de lombricomposta, así como su efecto antagónico de diversos hongos fitopatógenos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The Bacillales order has been reported to exhibit an antagonistic activity toward some phytopathogens. In addition, several studies have mentioned the presence of some species of this order in the vermicompost leachate. In the present study , the antagonistic effect of five Bacillales strains on the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani and Rhizopus sp. was evaluated. Five bacterial strains were isolated from vermicompost leachate and identified by their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Subsequently these strains and a standard Bacillus subtilis strain were used to observe the competition against four fungi strains by determining the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth. Significant differences in percentage inhibition were founded among strains. The greatest antagonistic capacity was observed in Bacillus licheniformis and B. badius. Results showed that vermicompost leachate containing Bacillales strains could be used as a biocontrol agent of various pathogenic fungi, runing to a more effective and environmentally-friendly product to control those phytopathogens.

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          Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents

          Bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are highly diverse and in this review we focus on rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents. Their effects can occur via local antagonism to soil-borne pathogens or by induction of systemic resistance against pathogens throughout the entire plant. Several substances produced by antagonistic rhizobacteria have been related to pathogen control and indirect promotion of growth in many plants, such as siderophores and antibiotics. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants resembles pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) under conditions where the inducing bacteria and the challenging pathogen remain spatially separated. Both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant to pathogens in several plant species. Rhizobacteria induce resistance through the salicylic acid-dependent SAR pathway, or require jasmonic acid and ethylene perception from the plant for ISR. Rhizobacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus are well known for their antagonistic effects and their ability to trigger ISR. Resistance-inducing and antagonistic rhizobacteria might be useful in formulating new inoculants with combinations of different mechanisms of action, leading to a more efficient use for biocontrol strategies to improve cropping systems.
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            Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance

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              The cell wall of Fusarium oxysporum.

              Sugar analysis of isolated cell walls from three formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum showed that they contained not only glucose and (N-acetyl)-glucosamine, but also mannose, galactose, and uronic acids, presumably originating from cell wall glycoproteins. Cell wall glycoproteins accounted for 50-60% of the total mass of the wall. X-ray diffraction studies showed the presence of alpha-1, 3-glucan in the alkali-soluble cell wall fraction and of beta-1, 3-glucan and chitin in the alkali-insoluble fraction. Electron microscopy and lectin binding studies indicated that glycoproteins form an external layer covering an inner layer composed of chitin and glucan. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                au
                Acta universitaria
                Acta univ
                Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado (México, Guanajuato, Mexico )
                0188-6266
                2007-9621
                October 2017
                : 27
                : 5
                : 44-54
                Affiliations
                [1] Chihuahua orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas orgdiv2Departamento de Química-Biológicas Mexico jose.valero@ 123456uacj.mx
                [2] Chihuahua orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chihuahua orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Mexico
                Article
                S0188-62662017000500044
                10.15174/au.2017.1313
                e07886cc-01d1-41ed-8e40-443f81fec1f4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 April 2016
                : 07 September 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                Bacillus sp,competencia,hongos fitopatógenos,competition,fungal pathogens

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