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      Síndrome doloroso regional complejo tipo 1: Tratamiento mediante bloqueos simpáticos y más... Translated title: Complex regional pain syndrome type I: Management with sympathetic blockade and other therapies…

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          Abstract

          Introducción: El síndrome doloroso regional complejo tipo 1 (SDRC-I) cursa con una fase aguda de inflamación neurogénica regional, que conduce a una fase crónica de desórdenes neuropáticos. La participación del sistema nervioso simpático en su génesis y mantenimiento es significativa, pero no exclusiva. De ahí la importancia de un tratamiento precoz y multifactorial, dirigido a los mecanismos fisiopatológicos. Objetivos: Estudiar el uso de los bloqueos simpáticos, asociados a otros procederes y fármacos en su tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 68 pacientes portadores de SDRC-I que acudieron a la Clínica del Dolor, a los que se realizó bloqueo de la cadena simpática ganglionar cervical y lumbar según la localización de la entidad. Todos los pacientes asociaron el hidromasaje en el hogar. Se administraron fármacos coadyuvantes para el control del dolor neuropático, paroxístico y persistente quemante. En los casos con trastornos de la consolidación ósea, se aplicó laserterapia local y TENS en los que presentaban mayor limitación funcional; así como técnicas de fisiatría. Se aplicó la escala análoga visual (EAV) para evaluar la intensidad de la analgesia y se realizó examen físico para la valoración de los trastornos autonómicos. La función articular se consideró mediante la escala de Enneking y cols. para pacientes amputados, modificada por nosotros. Resultados: El dolor se controló en 33 pacientes y 28 descendieron su EAV a niveles álgicos tolerables, para un 89,70% de efectividad terapéutica. La función articular se recuperó en 30 pacientes y 20 quedaron con limitación leve, estos dos grupos con mejor respuesta correspondieron al 73,52% del total de los pacientes, 11 quedaron con limitación moderada y sólo 7, el 10,29% de ellos con limitación severa. Los trastornos vasomotores remitieron en la totalidad de los que presentaron respuesta favorable. Conclusiones: La intensidad de la analgesia y el control de la sintomatología autonómica fue satisfactoria en la mayoría de los pacientes. La función articular fue recuperada en los mismos, por lo que mejoró su calidad de vida. El método se comportó como útil en el tratamiento de los pacientes con SDRC-I estudiados, asociado a otras terapias.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS-I) starts with an acute phase of regional neurogenic inflammation that leads to a chronic phase of neuropathic disorders. The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in its genesis and maintenance is significant, but not exclusive. Consequently, an early and multi-factorial treatment aimed to physiopathological mechanisms is important. Objectives: To study the use of sympathetic blockade associated to other therapies and drugs for the management of CRPS-I. Material and methods: Sixty eight patients with CRPS-1 attending a Pain Clinic were studied. All of them underwent blockade of the sympathetic cervical and lumbar chain of nodes, depending on the location of the problem. All patients received also hydromassages at home. Co-adjuvant drugs were administered for the management of neuropathic, paroxysmal and burning persistent pain. In patients with bone consolidation disorders, local laser-therapy was applied. In patients with greater functional limitations, TENS and Physiatry techniques were used. A visual analogue scale was used (VAS) to assess the degree of analgesia and a physical examination was conducted to assess autonomic disorders. Joint function was assessed using the scale of Enneking and cols. for patients with amputation, modified by us. Results: Pain was controlled in 33 patients and 28 reduced their VAS score to tolerable pain levels, with a therapeutic effectiveness of 89,70%. Joint function was recovered in 30 patients, with a slight limitation remaining in 20. These two groups that achieved a better response represented 73.52% of all patients. A moderate limitation remained in 11 patients and a severe limitation remained in 7 patients, or 10,29%. Vasomotor disorders disappeared in all the patients with a favorable response. Conclusions: The degree of analgesia and control of autonomic symptoms were satisfactory in most patients. They recovered the joint function and, hence, improved their quality of life. The method was useful for the management of patients with CRPS-1, in combination with other therapies.

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          Most cited references33

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          Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain?

          The striking response of causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) to sympatholytic procedures together with signs of autonomic nervous system abnormalities suggest that the sympathetic efferent system can generate or enhance pain (sympathetically maintained pain, SMP). This concept is supported by human and animal experiments indicating that sympathetic activity and catecholamines can activate primary afferent nociceptors. Some clinical evidence, however, calls the SMP concept into question and alternative explanations have been advanced. In this review, we describe the clinical features of causalgia and RSD and the evidence for sympatholytic efficacy. The major barrier to proving the SMP concept is that all available sympatholytic procedures are problematic. We conclude that, although the weight of current evidence supports the SMP concept and its relevance to causalgia and RSD, it remains unproven by scientific criteria. More careful adherence to diagnostic criteria and well-controlled trials of sympatholysis are needed to finally settle the issue.
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            Complex regional pain syndrome (type I, RSD; type II, causalgia): controversies.

            M Stanton (2000)
            Introduction of the term complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) as a replacement of the older terminology, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and causalgia, has achieved two goals: it has focused attention on the diagnosis and treatment, and sent basic scientists back to their laboratories. The relation of sympathetically maintained pain and sympatholysis is examined, particularly as a neuropathic process that is found in many conditions, including CRPS. This review also focuses on recent observations proposing a pathologic basis in support of diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Complex regional pain syndrome.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                October 2005
                : 12
                : 7
                : 417-424
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnameHDCQ 10 de Octubre Clínica del Dolor Cuba
                [02] La Habana orgnameInstituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas
                Article
                S1134-80462005000700004
                e0831c19-bd8a-46fc-a6ea-7013d2bfeab1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 January 2005
                : 04 July 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                SDRC tipo 1,Dolor neuropático,Dolor patológico,Bloqueos simpáticos,CRPS type 1,Neuropathic pain,Pathological pain,Sympathetic blockade

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