Editorial note. Introduction to the Special Issue &quot;Brain and Behavior: A Neuroscientific / Psychophysiological Approach&quot;, in honor and memory of Prof. Jesús Gómez Amor†  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Nota editorial. Introducción al tema monográfico “Cerebro y conducta: un enfoque neurocientífico/psicofisiológico”, en honor y recuerdo del Prof. Jesús Gómez Amor† </span>

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Abstract

Abstract Editorial note in which the special theme is presented and a brief comment is made on the articles that compose it.

Translated abstract

Resumen Nota editorial en la que se presenta el monográfico y se hace un breve comentario de los artículos que lo componen.

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Introducing the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): a quick and non-invasive approach to elicit robust autonomic and glucocorticoid stress responses.

Tom Smeets, Sandra Cornelisse, Conny Quaedflieg … (2012)

Stress-related research has employed several procedures to activate the human stress system. Two of the most commonly used laboratory paradigms are the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the Cold Pressor Test (CPT). We combined their most stressful features to create a simple laboratory stress test capable of eliciting strong autonomic and glucocorticoid stress responses. In comparison with the CPT and its variations, our stress tool (labeled the Maastricht Acute Stress Test; MAST) was found to yield superior salivary cortisol responses, while being equally effective in eliciting subjective stress reactions and (systolic and diastolic) blood pressure increases (study 1; N=80). In study 2 (N=20), we directly compared the effectiveness of the MAST and TSST and found that both methods elicited similar subjective, salivary alpha-amylase, and salivary cortisol stress responses. Finally, we developed and evaluated an appropriate no-stress control version of the MAST that was similar to the stress version, although it did not comprise stressful components (study 3; N=40). Collectively, our results confirm the effectiveness of the MAST in terms of subjective, autonomic, and--most importantly--glucocorticoid stress responses. Thus, as a brief and simple stress protocol, the MAST holds considerable promise for future research. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The 'Trier Social Stress Test'--a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting.

C Kirschbaum, K M Pirke, D H Hellhammer (1993)

This paper describes a protocol for induction of moderate psychological stress in a laboratory setting and evaluates its effects on physiological responses. The 'Trier Social Stress Test' (TSST) mainly consists of an anticipation period (10 min) and a test period (10 min) in which the subjects have to deliver a free speech and perform mental arithmetic in front of an audience. In six independent studies this protocol has been found to induce considerable changes in the concentration of ACTH, cortisol (serum and saliva), GH, prolactin as well as significant increases in heart rate. As for salivary cortisol levels, the TSST reliably led to 2- to 4-fold elevations above baseline with similar peak cortisol concentrations. Studies are summarized in which TSST-induced cortisol increases elucidated some of the multiple variables contributing to the interindividual variation in adrenocortical stress responses. The results suggest that gender, genetics and nicotine consumption can influence the individual's stress responsiveness to psychological stress while personality traits showed no correlation with cortisol responses to TSST stimulation. From these data we conclude that the TSST can serve as a tool for psychobiological research.

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Psychophysiological evidence for cortisol-induced reduction in early bias for implicit social threat in social phobia.

Jacobien M van Peer, Philip Spinhoven, Karin Roelofs (2010)

The stress hormone cortisol is important for the regulation of social motivational processes. High cortisol levels have been associated with social fear and avoidance, which play an important role in social anxiety disorder (SAD), as does hypervigilant processing of social threat. However, causal effects of cortisol on threat processing in SAD remain unclear. In an event-related potential (ERP) study we investigated the effects of cortisol on task-irrelevant (implicit) processing of social threat in SAD, exploring the temporal dynamics as well as the role of symptom severity and stimulus awareness. Angry face processing was measured in participants with clinical SAD after double-blind, within-subject oral administration of cortisol (50mg) and placebo, using a masked and an unmasked emotional Stroop task. Both tasks showed significantly increased P2 midline ERP amplitudes for angry compared to neutral and happy faces in the placebo condition, reflecting an early attentional bias for social threat in SAD. Furthermore, cortisol administration significantly decreased P2 amplitudes for masked angry faces. This effect correlated with social anxiety, showing stronger decreases in patients with higher levels of social anxiety. These results indicate a highly specific effect of cortisol on early motivated attention to social threat and, together with previous findings, highlight the importance of motivational context (stimulus- or task-relevance) as well as symptom severity.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): ap

Title: Anales de Psicología

Abbreviated Title: Anal. Psicol.

Publisher: Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )

ISSN (Print): 0212-9728

ISSN (Electronic): 1695-2294

Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2021

Volume: 37

Issue: 3

Pages: 403-405

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[1] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia Spain

[2] Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia Spain

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Publisher ID: S0212-97282021000300001 Publisher ID: S0212-9728(21)03700300001

DOI: 10.6018/analesps.484161

SO-VID: e0935a46-4b83-4cb6-9557-8aeb91086e54

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Most cited references 11

Introducing the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): a quick and non-invasive approach to elicit robust autonomic and glucocorticoid stress responses.

The 'Trier Social Stress Test'--a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting.

Psychophysiological evidence for cortisol-induced reduction in early bias for implicit social threat in social phobia.

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