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      Sintomas climatéricos e estado nutricional de mulheres na pós-menopausa usuárias e não usuárias de terapia hormonal Translated title: Climacteric symptoms and nutritional status of women in post-menopause users and non-users of hormone therapy

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Analisar os sintomas climatéricos e estado nutricional em mulheres na pós-menopausa, usuárias e não usuárias de terapia hormonal (TH). MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico, exploratório, tipo inquérito populacional domiciliar, realizado na área urbana do município de Maringá, Paraná, incluindo 456 mulheres com idade entre 45 e 69 anos, no período pós-menopausa. A coleta teve como base de referência os setores censitários urbanizados (368) do município, de acordo com o Censo Demográfico Brasileiro. Foi utilizada amostra aleatória simples proporcional às mulheres residentes em cada setor censitário e, por meio de visita domiciliar, aplicou-se um questionário e verificaram-se as medidas antropométricas e pressão arterial. Para avaliação dos sintomas climatéricos, foi utilizado o Índice Menopausal de Blatt e Kupperman. A variável desfecho foi o uso de TH. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 58,7 anos. O excesso de peso esteve presente em 72,6% das mulheres e a obesidade abdominal em 81,4% delas. Sintomas climatéricos de intensidade leve foram evidenciados em 69,5% das mulheres. Apenas 18,4% das mulheres faziam uso de TH e eram, na sua maioria, brancas, não fumantes, sem comorbidades e sem companheiro. Usuárias de TH apresentaram menor frequência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal e tiveram menor prevalência de sintomas climatéricos de intensidade severa. CONCLUSÃO: O excesso de peso e a obesidade abdominal foram prevalentes na amostra estudada. Embora em menor número, as usuárias de TH apresentaram uma frequência menor de excesso de peso e sintomas climatéricos leves e intensos na pós-menopausa.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To analyze the climacteric symptoms, nutritional status and distribution of abdominal fat in postmenopausal women using or not hormone therapy. METHODS: exploratory analytical study of the population survey type in the urban area of Maringa, Parana, conducted on 456 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 69 years. Data collection was based on the urbanized census sector (368) of the municipality, according to the Brazilian Demographic Census. A simple random sample proportional to women residing in each census sector was used, and a questionnaire was applied during a home visit, when anthropometric measurements were performed and blood pressure was determined. The Blatt and Kupperman Menopausal Index was used for the evaluation of climacteric symptoms. The outcome variable was the use of hormone therapy. RESULTS: Mean subject age was 58.7 years. Overweight was present in 72.6% of the women and abdominal obesity in 81.4% of them. Mild climacteric symptoms were observed in 69.5% of the women. Only 18.4% of the women studied were using hormone therapy and they were white, non-smokers, had no comorbidities, and had a partner. Users of hormone therapy had a lower frequency of overweight and obesity and had a lower prevalence of severe climacteric symptoms. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity were prevalent in this sample. Although fewer in number, the hormone therapy users had a lower frequency of overweight and mild and severe menopausal symptoms during the postmenopausal period.

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          Most cited references33

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          Obesity: preventing and manag-ing the global epidemic

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            Censo demográfico 2007

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              Metabolic implications of menopause.

              The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases substantially during perimenopause and early menopause. Postmenopausal women are at a higher risk of hypertension, proatherogenic lipid changes, diabetes, and severe cardiovascular disease as compared with their premenopausal counterparts. Whether or not menopause has a causative contribution to the deteriorating metabolic profile that is independent of chronological aging has been a subject of many studies. Menopausal transition is associated with significant weight gain (2 to 2.5 kg over 3 years on average), which is not dissimilar to that in premenopausal women of like age. Concomitantly, there is an increase in abdominal adiposity and a decrease in energy expenditure, phenomena that have been postulated to explain the higher risk of metabolic syndrome and increases in cholesterol and triglycerides. Hypertension and diabetes become more prevalent with age and should be timely diagnosed and treated. Lifestyle changes including moderately decreased caloric intake and aerobic exercise could prevent proatherogenic changes and weight gain observed with aging. Accurate prediction of cardiovascular risk in midlife women is essential to help identify the subset of women who are likely to benefit from intensive management of metabolic risk factors. This review focuses on metabolic changes associated with menopausal transition, specifically alterations in weight, waist circumference, body fat distribution, energy expenditure, and circulating biomarkers including adipokines. © Thieme Medical Publishers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1806-9339
                April 2013
                : 35
                : 4
                : 178-184
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                Article
                S0100-72032013000400008
                10.1590/S0100-72032013000400008
                23752583
                e0a4ccd8-fce8-4708-9021-02121e8a99c7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-7203&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Menopause,Hormone replacement therapy,Climacteric,Women's health,Menopausa,Terapia de reposição hormonal,Climatério,Saúde da mulher

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