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      Percepción de parámetros estéticos de la sonrisa en Odontólogos, estudiantes de odontología y pacientes de la Universidad Mayor de Santiago, Chile Translated title: Perception of aesthetic parameters of the smile in dentists, dental students and patients of the University Mayor of Santiago, Chile

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El análisis de la sonrisa en Odontología es fundamental al efectuar un tratamiento estético dentario. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la percepción de distintos parámetros estéticos de la sonrisa entre Odontólogos, estudiantes de odontología y pacientes. Materiales y métodos: Odontólogos, estudiantes de odontología y pacientes evaluaron 5 sets de fotografías de sonrisas a través de encuestas calificadas. Las fotografías fueron agrupadas de acuerdo a modificaciones efectuadas en 3 parámetros estéticos de la sonrisa: contorno gingival, línea labial (subdividida en A y B), y proporción dentaria (subdividida en ancho y largo). Los datos se analizaron mediante Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Un 80% de los Odontólogos y estudiantes consideran más atractivo un contorno gingival simétrico, un 73% de los pacientes consideran más atractivo hasta 1 mm de discrepancia del contorno gingival. Con respecto a la Línea labial A, tanto Odontólogos (67%) como estudiantes (77%) encontraron más atractiva una sonrisa con 2 mm de exposición gingival, 67% de los pacientes optaron 1 mm de exposición gingival. Para Línea labial B, 1 mm de exposición gingival fue considerado más atractivo por todos los encuestados. La proporción dentaria considerada mas atractiva entre el ancho del incisivo central y lateral fue 71%, y para ancho/largo del incisivo central fue más atractiva una proporción del 75% esto para los tres grupos encuestados. Discusión: El contorno gingival fue el parámetro más sensible al momento de evaluar la estética de la sonrisa, para los otros dos parámetros no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las percepciones.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Smile analisis in dentistry is essential when performin dental aesthetic treatments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception of different aesthetic parameters of the smile among dentists, dental students and patients. Materials and methods: Dentists, dental students and patients evaluated 5 sets of smile pictures through qualified surveys. The photographs were grouped according to modifications made in 3 smile aesthetic parameters: gingival contour, lip line (subdivided into A and B), and dental proportion (further subdivided in width and length). Data was statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: 80% of dentists and students considered more attractive a symmetrical gingival contour, 73% of patients consider more attractive a gingival contour discrepancy up to 1 mm. Regarding Lip Line A, both Dentists (67%) and students (77%) found more attractive a smile with 2 mm of gingival exposure, 67% of patients prefered 1 mm of gingival exposure. Lip Line B, with 1 mm of gingival exposure, was considered more attractive by all respondents. The dental proportion between the width of the central and lateral incisors considered more attractive was 71%; for the width / length of the central incisors, a proportion of 75% was more attractive for the all the groups surveyed. Discussion: Gingival contour was the most sensitive parameter when evaluating the aesthetics of the smile. No significant diffrences in perception were found for the other two parameters included in this study.

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          Most cited references23

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          Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations.

          Previous studies evaluated the perception of laypersons to symmetric alteration of anterior dental esthetics. However, no studies have evaluated the perception of asymmetric esthetic alterations. This investigation will determine whether asymmetric and symmetric anterior dental discrepancies are detectable by dental professionals and laypersons. Seven images of women's smiles were intentionally altered with a software-imaging program. The alterations involved crown length, crown width, midline diastema, papilla height, and gingiva-to-lip relationship of the maxillary anterior teeth. These altered images were rated by groups of general dentists, orthodontists, and laypersons using a visual analog scale. Statistical analysis of the responses resulted in the establishment of threshold levels of attractiveness for each group. Orthodontists were more critical than dentists and laypeople when evaluating asymmetric crown length discrepancies. All 3 groups could identify a unilateral crown width discrepancy of 2.0 mm. A small midline diastema was not rated as unattractive by any group. Unilateral reduction of papillary height was generally rated less attractive than bilateral alteration. Orthodontists and laypeople rated a 3-mm distance from gingiva to lip as unattractive. Asymmetric alterations make teeth more unattractive to not only dental professionals but also the lay public.
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            Some esthetic factors in a smile

            A survey of the characteristics of an open smile was conducted with 454 full-face photographs of randomly selected dental and dental hygiene students. Findings show that an average smile exhibits approximately the full length of the maxillary anterior teeth, has the incisal curve of the teeth parallel to the inner curvature of the lower lip, has the incisal curve of the maxillary anterior teeth touching slightly or missing slightly the lower lip, and displays the six upper anterior teeth and premolars. Consideration of the characteristics may be useful in improving the esthetics of restorations.
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              Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics.

              The purposes of this study were to rate the attractiveness of different smile variables, to compare the perception of Jordanian laypeople, general practitioners, and orthodontists to altered smile aesthetics, and to identify the threshold where different variables begin to impair smile aesthetics. A smiling photograph of a female dental student was selected and digitally manipulated to create changes in buccal corridor space (BCS), the amount of gingival display, and the midline diastema. These altered images were rated by three groups of Jordanians: 200 laypeople (100 females and 100 males), 200 general practitioners (100 females and 100 males), and 160 orthodontists (40 females and 120 males). Smile aesthetics scores were calculated and comparisons between groups were performed using the univariate general linear model. The results showed that profession and gender affected BCS and midline diastema attractiveness ratings (P<0.001). Wide BCSs, a gingival display of more than 2 mm, and the presence of a midline diastema of any size were rated as unattractive by all groups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                odonto
                Avances en Odontoestomatología
                Av Odontoestomatol
                Ediciones Avances, S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0213-1285
                2340-3152
                December 2020
                : 36
                : 4
                : 191-199
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Mayor orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Escuela de Odontología Chile
                [3] Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Mayor orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Escuela de Odontología Chile
                [2] Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Mayor orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Escuela de Odontología Chile
                Article
                S0213-12852020000400004 S0213-1285(20)03600400004
                e0af9a9f-c251-433b-b031-e7ca938452e8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 December 2019
                : 15 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                attractiveness,Aesthetics,sonrisa,parameter,dental proportion,perception,línea labial,gingival contour,percepción,smile,labial line,proporción dentaria,Estética,atractivo,contorno gingival,parámetro

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