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      Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic—what Occupational Safety and Health can bring to Public Health

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          Abstract

          We strive to increase public (PH) and occupational health (OSH) inter-linkages by building a collaborative framework. Besides Covid-19 pandemic, recent approaches such as Human Exposome and Total Worker Health TM, have led to a shift to improving health of working population and consequently the total population. These health objectives can be best realised through primary care actors in specific contexts. Work, school, home and leisure are the four multi-stakeholder contexts in which health and healthcare (goal-oriented care) objectives needs to be set and defined. PH policy makers need to establish a shared decision-making process involving employees, employers and OSH representatives to set PH goals and align with OSH goals. The policy making process in OSH can serve as a potential way forward, as the decisions and policies are being decided centrally in consultation with social partners and governments. This process can then be mirrored on company level to adopt and implement.

          Key messages

          • Synergies and close collaboration between  occupational and public health professionals are key to prevent community-acquired infections, as has been demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

          • Work, school, home and leisure are four multi-stakeholder contexts in which we propose public health professionals to define and set both health and healthcare (goal-oriented care) objectives.

          • Public Health objectives are best realized locally both with and within the local community in conjunction with relevant OSH stakeholders.

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          Most cited references15

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          The exposome: from concept to utility.

          C Wild (2012)
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            Occupational Health Science in the Time of COVID-19: Now more than Ever

            Workers bear a heavy share of the burden of how countries contend with COVID-19; they face numerous serious threats to their occupational health ranging from those associated with direct exposure to the virus to those reflecting the conflicts between work and family demands. Ten experts were invited to comment on occupational health issues unique to their areas of expertise. The topics include work-family issues, occupational health issues faced by emergency medical personnel, the transition to telework, discrimination against Asian-Americans, work stressors, presenteeism, the need for supportive supervision, safety concerns, economic stressors, and reminders of death at work. Their comments describe the nature of the occupational health concerns created by COVID-19 and discuss both unanswered research questions and recommendations to help organizations reduce the impacts of COVID-19 on workers.
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              Is Open Access

              COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures in Workplace Settings: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis

              Workplaces can be high-risk environments for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent community transmission. Identifying, understanding, and implementing effective workplace SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to protect workers, their families, and communities. A rapid review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures implemented in global workplace settings through April 2021. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 IPC measures. The included studies comprised varying empirical designs and occupational settings. Measures of interest included surveillance measures, outbreak investigations, environmental adjustments, personal protective equipment (PPE), changes in work arrangements, and worker education. Sixty-one studies from healthcare, nursing home, meatpacking, manufacturing, and office settings were included, accounting for ~280,000 employees based in Europe, Asia, and North America. Meta-analyses showed that combined IPC measures resulted in lower employee COVID-19 positivity rates (0.2% positivity; 95% CI 0–0.4%) than single measures such as asymptomatic PCR testing (1.7%; 95% CI 0.9–2.9%) and universal masking (24%; 95% CI 3.4–55.5%). Modelling studies showed that combinations of (i) timely and widespread contact tracing and case isolation, (ii) facilitating smaller worker cohorts, and (iii) effective use of PPE can reduce workplace transmission. Comprehensive COVID-19 IPC measures incorporating swift contact tracing and case isolation, PPE, and facility zoning can effectively prevent workplace outbreaks. Masking alone should not be considered sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the workplace.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lode.godderis@kuleuven.be
                loic.lerouge@u-bordeaux.fr
                yogindra.samant@arbeidstilsynet.no
                noonep@doctors.org.uk
                Journal
                J Public Health Policy
                J Public Health Policy
                Journal of Public Health Policy
                Palgrave Macmillan UK (London )
                0197-5897
                1745-655X
                16 January 2023
                16 January 2023
                : 1-9
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5596.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, Centre for Environment and Health, and IDEWE, Occupational, Medicine, , University of Leuven, ; Leuven, Belgium
                [2 ]GRID grid.412041.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2106 639X, Labour and Occupational Health Law, , University of Bordeaux-CNRS, ; Talence Cedex, France
                [3 ]GRID grid.457489.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0493 4281, Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority, ; Trondheim, Norway
                [4 ]GRID grid.424617.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0467 3528, Health Service Executive Dublin North East, ; Meath, Ireland
                [5 ]GRID grid.5596.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, KU Leuven, Environment and Health, ; O&N5b, Herestraat 49, Bus 952, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4764-8835
                Article
                394
                10.1057/s41271-023-00394-w
                9842192
                36646883
                e0afb5da-5fe3-4a15-95c4-7ebbb84e6c26
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 3 January 2023
                Categories
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                Public health
                prevention,public health,occupational health,policy,collaboration
                Public health
                prevention, public health, occupational health, policy, collaboration

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