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      A high performance lithium-ion sulfur battery based on a Li2S cathode using a dual-phase electrolyte

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          Abstract

          Li 2S is efficiently used for a Li-ion sulfur battery with a dual-phase electrolyte, in which the parasitic polysulfide shuttle process is eliminated.

          Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are receiving intense interest because their promise for low-cost and high-energy electrochemical storage exceeds that of Li-ion batteries. Fully-lithiated lithium sulfide (Li 2S) is more desirable than sulfur as a high capacity cathode material because it allows the use of a variety of lithium-free anode materials. Widespread application of Li 2S is hindered by severe drawbacks associated with the solubility of the intermediate charge products, and the insulating nature of Li 2S. Here, we report the feasibility of utilizing Li 2S with a dual-phase electrolyte separated by a lithium super ionic conductor (LISICON). With this cell architecture that enables an efficient utilization of micro-sized Li 2S, the Li–S battery yields high specific capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycling stability, and no self-discharge. A Li-ion sulfur battery with an aluminium or graphite anode is demonstrated as well in our initial proof-of-concept study.

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          Most cited references38

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          Hollow carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur cathodes for high specific capacity rechargeable lithium batteries.

          Sulfur has a high specific capacity of 1673 mAh/g as lithium battery cathodes, but its rapid capacity fading due to polysulfides dissolution presents a significant challenge for practical applications. Here we report a hollow carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur cathode for effective trapping of polysulfides and demonstrate experimentally high specific capacity and excellent electrochemical cycling of the cells. The hollow carbon nanofiber arrays were fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, through thermal carbonization of polystyrene. The AAO template also facilitates sulfur infusion into the hollow fibers and prevents sulfur from coating onto the exterior carbon wall. The high aspect ratio of the carbon nanofibers provides an ideal structure for trapping polysulfides, and the thin carbon wall allows rapid transport of lithium ions. The small dimension of these nanofibers provides a large surface area per unit mass for Li(2)S deposition during cycling and reduces pulverization of electrode materials due to volumetric expansion. A high specific capacity of about 730 mAh/g was observed at C/5 rate after 150 cycles of charge/discharge. The introduction of LiNO(3) additive to the electrolyte was shown to improve the Coulombic efficiency to over 99% at C/5. The results show that the hollow carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur structure could be a promising cathode design for rechargeable Li/S batteries with high specific energy.
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            A soft approach to encapsulate sulfur: polyaniline nanotubes for lithium-sulfur batteries with long cycle life.

            A novel vulcanized polyaniline nanotube/sulfur composite was prepared successfully via an in situ vulcanization process by heating a mixture of polyaniline nanotube and sulfur at 280 °C. The electrode could retain a discharge capacity of 837 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at a 0.1 C rate and manifested 76% capacity retention up to 500 cycles at a 1 C rate.
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              Sulfur-impregnated activated carbon fiber cloth as a binder-free cathode for rechargeable Li-S batteries.

              A route for the preparation of binder-free sulfur-carbon cathodes is developed for lithium sulfur batteries. The method is based on the impregnation of elemental sulfur into the micropores of activated carbon fibers. These electrodes demonstrate good electrochemical performance at high current density attributed to the uniform dispersion of sulfur inside the carbon fiber.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                EESNBY
                Energy & Environmental Science
                Energy Environ. Sci.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                1754-5692
                1754-5706
                2015
                2015
                : 8
                : 5
                : 1551-1558
                Article
                10.1039/C5EE00058K
                e0d8a04e-de2f-46f9-b8e9-1de6e8868c25
                © 2015
                History

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