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      A massive invasion of fish species after eliminating a natural barrier in the upper rio Paraná basin

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          Abstract

          Based on long-term studies in the upper rio Paraná basin, in addition to a broad review of literature and other information, we were able to identify 33 species of native fishes in the lower rio Paraná basin that successfully colonized the upper rio Paraná after Itaipu impoundment, that flooded the natural geographic barrier constituted by the Sete Quedas Falls. These species belong to six Orders, encompassing two of Myliobatiformes, six of Characiformes, 17 of Siluriformes, six of Gymnotiformes, one of Perciformes, and one of Pleuronectiformes. Extensive remarks regarding each species, including their influence upon the native assemblage, in addition to comments on other non-indigenous species, are also provided. We conclude that, in spite of its widespread neglected by environmental impact studies, massive invasion of species is a real possibility when natural barriers are suppressed by reservoirs.

          Translated abstract

          Baseando-se em pesquisas de longa duração na bacia do alto rio Paraná, em adição à ampla revisão bibliográfica e outras informações, pudemos reconhecer 33 espécies nativas da bacia do baixo rio Paraná que colonizaram o alto Paraná com sucesso, após a construção de Itaipu, que inundou a barreira geográfica natural constituída pelos Saltos de Sete Quedas. Estas espécies pertencem a seis ordens, incluindo duas de Myliobatiformes, seis de Characiformes, 17 de Siluriformes, seis de Gymnotiformes, uma de Perciformes, e uma de Pleuronectiformes. Extensas observações sobre cada espécie, incluindo a influência delas sobre a assembleia nativa, além de comentários sobre outras espécies não-indígenas são igualmente fornecidos. Nós concluímos que, embora geralmente negligenciadas pelas análises de impactos ambientais, invasões massivas são possibilidades reais quando barreiras naturais são suprimidas por reservatórios

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          Most cited references53

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          Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges.

          Freshwater biodiversity is the over-riding conservation priority during the International Decade for Action - 'Water for Life' - 2005 to 2015. Fresh water makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and approximately 0.8% of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny fraction of global water supports at least 100000 species out of approximately 1.8 million - almost 6% of all described species. Inland waters and freshwater biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh water will vanish before the 'Water for Life' decade ends in 2015. Why is this so, and what is being done about it? This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities. We document threats to global freshwater biodiversity under five headings: overexploitation; water pollution; flow modification; destruction or degradation of habitat; and invasion by exotic species. Their combined and interacting influences have resulted in population declines and range reduction of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Conservation of biodiversity is complicated by the landscape position of rivers and wetlands as 'receivers' of land-use effluents, and the problems posed by endemism and thus non-substitutability. In addition, in many parts of the world, fresh water is subject to severe competition among multiple human stakeholders. Protection of freshwater biodiversity is perhaps the ultimate conservation challenge because it is influenced by the upstream drainage network, the surrounding land, the riparian zone, and - in the case of migrating aquatic fauna - downstream reaches. Such prerequisites are hardly ever met. Immediate action is needed where opportunities exist to set aside intact lake and river ecosystems within large protected areas. For most of the global land surface, trade-offs between conservation of freshwater biodiversity and human use of ecosystem goods and services are necessary. We advocate continuing attempts to check species loss but, in many situations, urge adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods in order to provide a viable long-term basis for freshwater conservation. Recognition of this need will require adoption of a new paradigm for biodiversity protection and freshwater ecosystem management - one that has been appropriately termed 'reconciliation ecology'.
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            Biological invasions of fresh water: Empirical rules and assembly theory

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              Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2009
                : 7
                : 4
                : 709-718
                Affiliations
                [01] Maringá PR orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Maringá orgdiv1Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura Brazil juliojr@ 123456nupelia.uem.br
                Article
                S1679-62252009000400021 S1679-6225(09)00700421
                10.1590/S1679-62252009000400021
                e0e282ca-6347-4086-8284-6ec5f887b90b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 December 2009
                : 07 September 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 68, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Sete Quedas Falls,Ecoregion,Reservoir Impacts,Invasive species,Biodiversity

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