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      The effect of a new impregnated gauze containing bentonite and halloysite minerals on blood coagulation and wound healing :

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          Abstract

          In recent years, a wide variety of research has been carried out in the field of novel technologies to stop severe bleeding. In several studies, coagulation properties of minerals such as zeolite, bentonite and halloysite have been proven. In this study, the effect of a new impregnated sterile gauze containing bentonite and halloysite minerals was studied on blood coagulation and wound healing rate in male Wistar rats. Initially, impregnated sterile gauze was prepared from the mixture of bentonite and halloysite minerals and petroleum jelly (Vaseline). Then, the effect of gauze was studied on the blood coagulation time and wound healing process in 40 Wistar rats. SPSS software was used for data analysis and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The coagulation time of 81.10 ± 2.532 s in the control group and 33.00 ± 1.214 s in the study group (bentonite-halloysite treated) were reported (P < 0.0005). Time for complete wound healing in the group, which is treated with impregnated sterile pads, was calculated approximately from 10 to 12 days. However, in the control group, there was no complete wound healing (P < 0.0005). According to the results of the present study, topical application of the bentonite-halloysite impregnated sterile gauze significantly decreases the clotting time and increase the wound healing rate.

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          Causes of death in U.S. Special Operations Forces in the global war on terrorism: 2001-2004.

          Effective combat trauma management strategies depend upon an understanding of the epidemiology of death on the battlefield. A panel of military medical experts reviewed photographs and autopsy and treatment records for all Special Operations Forces (SOF) who died between October 2001 and November 2004 (n = 82). Fatal wounds were classified as nonsurvivable or potentially survivable. Training and equipment available at the time of injury were taken into consideration. A structured analysis was conducted to identify equipment, training, or research requirements for improved future outcomes. Five (6%) of 82 casualties had died in an aircraft crash, and their bodies were lost at sea; autopsies had been performed on all other 77 soldiers. Nineteen deaths, including the deaths at sea were noncombat; all others were combat related. Deaths were caused by explosions (43%), gunshot wounds (28%), aircraft accidents (23%), and blunt trauma (6%). Seventy of 82 deaths (85%) were classified as nonsurvivable; 12 deaths (15%) were classified as potentially survivable. Of those with potentially survivable injuries, 16 causes of death were identified: 8 (50%) truncal hemorrhage, 3 (19%) compressible hemorrhage, 2 (13%) hemorrhage amenable to tourniquet, and 1 (6%) each from tension pneumothorax, airway obstruction, and sepsis. The population with nonsurvivable injuries was more severely injured than the population with potentially survivable injuries. Structured analysis identified improved methods of truncal hemorrhage control as a principal research requirement. The majority of deaths on the modern battlefield are nonsurvivable. Improved methods of intravenous or intracavitary, noncompressible hemostasis combined with rapid evacuation to surgery may increase survival.
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            Enhancement of incisional wound healing by thrombin conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles.

            Thrombin has been clinically used for topical hemostasis and wound management for more than six decades. The half-life of thrombin in human plasma is shorter than 15s due to close control by inhibitors. In order to stabilize the thrombin, it was bound to maghemite (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles, as demonstrated in previous work. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficiency of the bound thrombin for wound healing applications compared to the free thrombin. For this purpose incisional wounds on rat skin were treated with a mixture of fibrinogen, CaCl(2) solution and free or bound thrombin. The wounds' edges were then approximated by skin staples. The control incisional wounds were closed with staples only. In the course of 28 days of healing the highest values of skin tensile strength were observed following treatment with the bound thrombin. Significantly lower values of tensile strength were observed following treatment with the free thrombin, and the lowest values were obtained following treatment with staples only. The histological findings correlate with the mechanical strength measurements, which demonstrate the most advanced stages of healing following treatment with the bound thrombin.
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              Spherical bioactive glass with enhanced rates of hydroxyapatite deposition and hemostatic activity.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis
                Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis
                Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                0957-5235
                2014
                December 2014
                : 25
                : 8
                : 856-859
                Article
                10.1097/MBC.0000000000000172
                25004023
                e0e5b0fa-3bb9-40f9-a336-2898fcd705ec
                © 2014
                History

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