33
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes genital and hepatitis B in a women’s prison in Cochabamba, Bolivia: prevalence and risk factors Translated title: Sífilis, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, herpes tipo 2 y hepatitis B en una prisión de mujeres en Cochabamba, Bolivia: prevalencia y factores de riesgo

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To determine the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and herpes type 2 (HSV2) among women in the prison of San Sebastian in Cochabamba (Bolivia).

          Material and methods:

          We carried out a cross-sectional study including a standardized questionnaire to assess socio-demographics characteristics and risk factors (sexual practices and exposure to blood); and serological tests for syphilis, HSV2, VIH, and HBV. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to test the associations between variables of interest and infections.

          Results:

          A total of 219 out of 220 prisoners (99.5%) participated in the study. For syphilis, 12.8% of participants had both reactive tests (RPR+/TPPA+). The prevalence of HSV2 and VIH was 62.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Anti-HBc, indicating a resolved or chronic HBV, was positive in 11.9% of participants and 0.5% had active HBV (HBsAg positive). A low level of education was associated with syphilis, HSV2 and HBV. Having occasional sexual partners was associated with syphilis and HSV2. Being over 36 years old and having more than 3 children were associated with HBV. The number of sexual partners, history of prostitution and rape, having sexual intercourses in prison and detention time were not associated with any of these infections.

          Discussion:

          The prevalence of syphilis, HIV, HSV2 and HBV was higher in this vulnerable female population than in the general population in Bolivia. Control measures in detention are needed to limit the spread of these infections both in prisons and in the community.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivo:

          Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la infección por sífilis, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), virus de hepatitis B (VHB) y virus herpes tipo 2 (HSV2) en las mujeres privadas de libertad (MPL) en la prisión de San Sebastián en Cochabamba (Bolivia).

          Material y método:

          Se realizó un estudio transversal. Mediante un cuestionario estandarizado se registraron las características sociodemográficas, las prácticas sexuales y la existencia de exposición a la sangre. Se realizaron pruebas serológicas para sífilis, HSV2, VIH y VHB. Para conocer la asociación entre las variables de interés y las enfermedades, se llevaron a cabo análisis bi y multivariantes.

          Resultados:

          Participaron 219 de 220 MPL (99,5%). La prevalencia de sífilis (RPR+/TPPA+), HSV2, VIH y VHB crónico (ABsAg+) fue de 12,8%, 62,6%, 1,4% y 0,5%, respectivamente. La sífilis y el HSV2 se asociaron con un bajo nivel de educación y con el hecho de tener parejas sexuales ocasionales. El VHB se asoció con un bajo nivel de educación, la edad y el hecho de tener más de tres hijos. Estas infecciones no se asociaron con el número de parejas sexuales, los antecedentes de prostitución o violación, las relaciones sexuales en prisión y la duración de la pena privativa de libertad.

          Discusión:

          La prevalencia de las enfermedades investigadas (sífilis, VIH, HSV2 y VHB) es más elevada en la población penitenciaria femenina que en la población general de Bolivia. Es necesario implementar medidas de control en la prisión para limitar la propagación de estas infecciones, tanto en prisiones como en la comunidad.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: a global review.

          Information on age- and sex-specific prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 2 and 1 infections is essential to optimize genital herpes control strategies, which increase in importance because accumulating data indicate that HSV-2 infection may increase acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. This review summarizes data from peer-reviewed publications of type-specific HSV seroepidemiologic surveys. HSV-2 prevalence is, in general, highest in Africa and the Americas, lower in western and southern Europe than in northern Europe and North America, and lowest in Asia. HSV-2 and -1 prevalence, overall and by age, varies markedly by country, region within country, and population subgroup. Age-specific HSV-2 prevalence is usually higher in women than men and in populations with higher risk sexual behavior. HSV-2 prevalence has increased in the United States but national data from other countries are unavailable. HSV-1 infection is acquired during childhood and adolescence and is markedly more widespread than HSV-2 infection. Further studies are needed in many geographic areas.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Global Estimates of Prevalent and Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infections in 2012

            Background Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection causes significant disease globally. Adolescent and adult infection may present as painful genital ulcers. Neonatal infection has high morbidity and mortality. Additionally, HSV-2 likely contributes substantially to the spread of HIV infection. The global burden of HSV-2 infection was last estimated for 2003. Here we present new global estimates for 2012 of the burden of prevalent (existing) and incident (new) HSV-2 infection among females and males aged 15–49 years, using updated methodology to adjust for test performance and estimate by World Health Organization (WHO) region. Methods and Findings We conducted a literature review of HSV-2 prevalence studies world-wide since 2000. We then fitted a model with constant HSV-2 incidence by age to pooled HSV-2 prevalence values by age and sex. Prevalence values were adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. The model estimated prevalence and incidence by sex for each WHO region to obtain global burden estimates. Uncertainty bounds were computed by refitting the model to reflect the variation in the underlying prevalence data. In 2012, we estimate that there were 417 million people aged 15–49 years (range: 274–678 million) living with HSV-2 infection world-wide (11.3% global prevalence), of whom 267 million were women. We also estimate that in 2012, 19.2 million (range: 13.0–28.6 million) individuals aged 15–49 years were newly-infected (0.5% of all individuals globally). The highest burden was in Africa. However, despite lower prevalence, South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions also contributed large numbers to the global totals because of large population sizes. Conclusions The global burden of HSV-2 infection is large, leaving over 400 million people at increased risk of genital ulcer disease, HIV acquisition, and transmission of HSV-2 to partners or neonates. These estimates highlight the critical need for development of vaccines, microbicides, and other new HSV prevention strategies.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in prisoners

              The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis are higher in prisons than in the general population in most countries worldwide. Prisons have emerged as a risk environment for these infections to be further concentrated, amplified, and then transmitted to the community after prisoners are released. In the absence of alternatives to incarceration, prisons and detention facilities could be leveraged to promote primary and secondary prevention strategies for these infections to improve prisoners health and reduce risk throughout incarceration and on release. Effective treatment of opioid use disorders with opioid agonist therapies (eg, methadone and buprenorphine) prevents blood-borne infections via reductions in injection in prison and after release. However, large gaps exist in the implementation of these strategies across all regions. Collaboration between the criminal justice and public health systems will be required for successful implementation of these strategies.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                sanipe
                Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                1575-0620
                2013-6463
                2018
                2018
                : 20
                : 2
                : 47-54
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalUniversidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba (Bolivia) normalizedUniversidad Mayor de San Simón orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba, Bolivia
                [2 ] originalLabimed, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba (Bolivia) normalizedUniversidad Mayor de San Simón orgdiv1Labimed orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba, Bolivia
                [3 ] originalFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health & School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Geneva (Switzerland) normalizedUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland orgdiv2Faculty of Medicine orgdiv1Institute of Global Health & School of Health Sciences orgnameUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland Geneva, Switzerland
                [4 ] originalUnidad Médica, Régimen Penitenciario, Cochabamba (Bolivia) orgdiv1Unidad Médica orgnameRégimen Penitenciario Cochabamba, Bolivia
                [5 ] originalPrograma Nacional ITS/VIH/SIDA/VH, Ministerio de Salud, La Paz (Bolivia) orgdiv1Programa Nacional ITS/VIH/SIDA/VH orgnameMinisterio de Salud La Paz, Bolivia
                [6 ] originalDirección General de Régimen Penitenciario, Ministerio de Gobierno, La Paz (Bolivia) orgdiv1Dirección General de Régimen Penitenciario orgnameMinisterio de Gobierno La Paz, Bolivia
                [7 ] originalServicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínico VIEDMA, Cochabamba (Bolivia) orgdiv1Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas orgnameHospital Clínico VIEDMA Cochabamba, Bolivia
                [8 ] original Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (Switzerland) orgdiv2Laboratory of Bacteriology orgdiv1Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine orgnameGeneva University Hospitals Geneva, Switzerland
                [9 ] originalDivision of Penitentiary Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland) normalizedUniversity of Geneva orgdiv1Division of Penitentiary Medicine orgnameGeneva University Hospitals Geneva, Switzerland
                [10 ] originalDivision of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland) normalizedUniversity of Geneva orgdiv1Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine orgnameUniversity of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
                Author notes
                CORRESPONDENCE: Laurent Gétaz. Division of Penitentiary Medicine & Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (Switzerland). E-mail: Laurent.Getaz@ 123456hcuge.ch
                Article
                00003
                6279188
                30231151
                e10ec4d7-c793-4ee6-a510-954193b10fe5

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 03 April 2017
                : 20 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 08
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                prisión,sífilis,anticuerpos anti-vih,hepatitis b,herpes genital,prevalencia,factores de riesgo,estudios transversales,prisons,syphilis,hiv antibodies,herpes genitalis,prevalence,risk factors,cross-sectional studies

                Comments

                Comment on this article