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      Toxocarose oculaire: à propos de deux cas et revue de la literature Translated title: Ocular toxocariasis: report of two cases and review of the literature

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          Abstract

          Toxocara canis est un nématode de la famille des Ascaridés, il peut être responsable de manifestations oculaires et générales lors d'une contamination accidentelle dans le cadre d'une pathologie du “péril fécal“, les atteintes oculaires sont plus fréquentes chez l'enfant en raison du contact souvent répété avec de jeunes animaux favorisant ainsi la dissemination de cette pathologie dite des “mains sales“, nous rapportons deux cas d'enfants présentant une toxocarose oculaire à granulome postérieur, négatif pour le sérodiagnostic spécifique. La réalisation de la ponction de la chambre antérieure et d'un test ELISA par antigènes homologues de Toxocara canis sur l'humeur acqueuse ont permis de poser le diagnostic formel.

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          Most cited references14

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          Human toxocariasis: diagnosis, worldwide seroprevalences and clinical expression of the systemic and ocular forms.

          Although human toxocariasis ranks among the most common zoonotic infections worldwide, it remains relatively unknown to the public. The causal agents are the nematode parasites Toxocara canis and T. cati, whose definitive hosts are dogs and cats, respectively. When embryonated eggs are accidentally ingested by humans, larvae hatch in the small intestine, penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate, via the bloodstream, to the liver, lungs, muscles, eye and central nervous system. Although most human infections are asymptomatic, two well-defined clinical syndromes are classically recognised: visceral larva migrans (a systemic disease caused by larval migration through major organs) and ocular larva migrans (a disease limited to the eyes and optic nerves). Two less-severe syndromes have recently been described, one mainly in children (covert toxocariasis) and the other mainly in adults (common toxocariasis). Here, the current laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology and main clinical features of both the systemic and ocular forms of human toxocariasis are reviewed. New developments in serological diagnosis are described, the available seroprevalence data are analysed, and the results of relevant clinical studies that have been published over the last decade are explored, to provide an updated overview of this neglected but highly prevalent human infection.
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            Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by establishing intraocular antibody production.

            To investigate the role of Toxocara canis in posterior uveitis of undetermined origin. Retrospective case-study. Paired ocular fluid (47 aqueous humor [AH] and two vitreous fluids) and serum samples of 37 adults and 12 children with undetermined posterior uveitis were retrospectively analyzed for intraocular IgG antibody production against Toxocara canis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC) determination. Previous diagnostic investigation by polymerase chain reaction and GWC for Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster virus, and Toxoplasma gondii had not provided a cause of the posterior uveitis. Three of 12 (25%) children showed intraocular IgG production against Toxocara canis. One child had vitritis, one presented with a low-grade uveitis and a peripheral retinal lesion, and the third had posterior uveitis and a chorioretinal scar. All three children had AH IgG titers exceeding those of the corresponding serum. In fact, two children had low Toxocara serum IgG titers (<1:32) and would have been considered seronegative upon routine serology screening. Intraocular antibody production against Toxocara canis was absent in all 37 adults, including five seropositive patients. Our results indicate that ocular toxocariasis is mainly a pediatric disease. Serological screening is not informative for the diagnosis of intraocular Toxocara infection. Toxocara GWC analysis, however, can be of value when diagnosing patients with posterior focal lesions or vitritis of unknown etiology.
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              Nematode endophthalmitis.

              H WILDER (2015)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                30 January 2014
                2014
                : 17
                : 71
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Chama Daoudi, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Service d'Ophtalmologie A de l'Hôpital des Spécialités, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rabat, Maroc
                Article
                PAMJ-17-71
                10.11604/pamj.2014.17.71.3823
                4085946
                e1148f4e-22ce-4b62-8cef-3ca4ec444700
                © Chama Daoudi et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 04 January 2014
                : 21 January 2014
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                toxocarose,toxocara canis,elisa,oeil,toxocariasis,eye
                Medicine
                toxocarose, toxocara canis, elisa, oeil, toxocariasis, eye

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