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      UCC118 supplementation reduces exercise‐induced gastrointestinal permeability and remodels the gut microbiome in healthy humans

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          Abstract

          Dysregulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function has emerged as potential mechanisms underlying digestive diseases, yet targeted therapies are lacking The purpose of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of UCC118, a characterized probiotic strain, on exercise‐induced GI permeability in healthy humans. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study, seven healthy adults received 4 weeks of daily UCC118 or placebo supplementation. GI hyperpermeability was induced by strenuous treadmill running performed before and after each supplementation period. While running, participants ingested 5 g of lactulose, rhamnose, and sucrose. Urine was collected before, immediately after, and every hour for 5 h after exercise to assess GI permeability. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal homogenates collected prior to exercise to identify changes in microbial diversity and taxon abundances. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed from blood and fecal homogenates collected prior to and immediately following the cessation of exercise. Exercise significantly induced intestinal permeability of lactulose, rhamnose, and sucrose ( P < 0.001). UCC118 significantly reduced sucrose (Δ = −0.38 ± 0.13 vs. 1.69 ± 0.79; P < 0.05) recovery, with no substantial change in lactulose (Δ = −0.07 ± 0.23 vs. 0.35 ± 0.15; P = 0.16) or rhamnose (Δ = −0.06 ± 0.22 vs. 0.48 ± 0.28; P = 0.22). Taxonomic sequencing revealed 99 differentially regulated bacteria spanning 6 taxonomic ranks ( P < 0.05) after UCC118 supplementation. No differences in plasma IL‐6 or fecal zonulin were observed after UCC118 supplementation. The results described herein provide proof of principle that 4 weeks of UCC118 supplementation attenuated exercise‐induced intestinal hyperpermeability. Further research is warranted to investigate the as‐yet‐to‐be defined molecular processes of intestinal hyperpermeability and the effects of probiotic supplementation.

          Abstract

          Dysregulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function have emerged as potential mechanisms underlying digestive diseases, yet targeted therapies are lacking. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study, 7 healthy adults 30 received 4 weeks of daily UCC118 or placebo supplementation. UCC118 significantly reduced sucrose recovery. Taxonomic sequencing revealed 99 differentially regulated gut microbes by UCC118. The results herein provide proof of principle that UCC118 supplementation can reduce intestinal hyperpermeability.

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          The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead.

          Studies of the roles of microbial communities in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have reached an important milestone. A decade of genome-wide association studies and other genetic analyses have linked IBD with loci that implicate an aberrant immune response to the intestinal microbiota. More recently, profiling studies of the intestinal microbiome have associated the pathogenesis of IBD with characteristic shifts in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, reinforcing the view that IBD results from altered interactions between intestinal microbes and the mucosal immune system. Enhanced technologies can increase our understanding of the interactions between the host and its resident microbiota and their respective roles in IBD from both a large-scale pathway view and at the metabolic level. We review important microbiome studies of patients with IBD and describe what we have learned about the mechanisms of intestinal microbiota dysfunction. We describe the recent progress in microbiome research from exploratory 16S-based studies, reporting associations of specific organisms with a disease, to more recent studies that have taken a more nuanced view, addressing the function of the microbiota by metagenomic and metabolomic methods. Finally, we propose study designs and methodologies for future investigations of the microbiome in patients with inflammatory gut and autoimmune diseases in general. Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Deciphering Diversity Indices for a Better Understanding of Microbial Communities

            The past decades have been a golden era during which great tasks were accomplished in the field of microbiology, including food microbiology. In the past, culture-dependent methods have been the primary choice to investigate bacterial diversity. However, using cultureindependent high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has greatly facilitated studies exploring the microbial compositions and dynamics associated with health and diseases. These culture-independent DNA-based studies generate large-scale data sets that describe the microbial composition of a certain niche. Consequently, understanding microbial diversity becomes of greater importance when investigating the composition, function, and dynamics of the microbiota associated with health and diseases. Even though there is no general agreement on which diversity index is the best to use, diversity indices have been used to compare the diversity among samples and between treatments with controls. Tools such as the Shannon- Weaver index and Simpson index can be used to describe population diversity in samples. The purpose of this review is to explain the principles of diversity indices, such as Shannon- Weaver and Simpson, to aid general microbiologists in better understanding bacterial communities. In this review, important questions concerning microbial diversity are addressed. Information from this review should facilitate evidence-based strategies to explore microbial communities.
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              Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                john.kirwan@pbrc.edu
                Journal
                Physiol Rep
                Physiol Rep
                10.1002/(ISSN)2051-817X
                PHY2
                physreports
                Physiological Reports
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2051-817X
                23 November 2019
                November 2019
                : 7
                : 22 ( doiID: 10.14814/phy2.v7.22 )
                : e14276
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Inflammation and Immunity Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio
                [ 2 ] Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge Los Angeles
                [ 3 ] Department of Translational Services Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge Los Angeles
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                John P. Kirwan, Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808.

                Tel: +1 (225) 763‐3171

                Fax: +1 (225) 763-2525

                E‐mail: john.kirwan@ 123456pbrc.edu

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-7803
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7321-9917
                Article
                PHY214276
                10.14814/phy2.14276
                6874782
                31758610
                e11af112-1bfb-4035-bf74-afd24d5c59fa
                © 2019 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 August 2019
                : 04 October 2019
                : 05 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Pages: 11, Words: 15227
                Categories
                Injury, Stress and Fatigue
                Gastrointestinal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Physiology
                Original Research
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                phy214276
                November 2019
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.7.2 mode:remove_FC converted:23.11.2019

                exercise,gastrointestinal permeability,microbiome,probiotic supplementation,ucc118,verrucomicrobia

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