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      A Review of the Properties and Applications of Ozone in Endodontics: An Update

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          Abstract

          Ozone is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is applied to oral tissues in the forms of ozonated water, ozonated olive oil and oxygen/ozone gas. This paper presents a brief review on the chemistry of ozone as well as its medical and dental applications focusing on its use in endodontics. Ozone’s antimicrobial activity, its effect on dentin bonding, toxicity and contra-indications are also reviewed.

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          Scientific and medical aspects of ozone therapy. State of the art.

          V. Bocci (2006)
          The aim of this review is to dispel misconceptions and skepticism regarding ozone therapy and to clarify the biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of action of ozone dissolved in biological fluids. The work performed in the last decade in our laboratory allows drawing a comprehensive framework for understanding and recommending ozone therapy in some diseases. It is hoped that this report will open a dialogue among clinical scientists and will inform physicians about the beneficial effects of ozone therapy.
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            Efficacy of ozone on survival and permeability of oral microorganisms.

            Chiaki Kitamura, Tatsuji Nishihara, Masamichi Terashita … (2004)
            In the present study, we examined the effect of ozonated water on oral microorganisms and dental plaque. Almost no microorganisms were detected after being treated with ozonated water (4 mg/l) for 10 s. To estimate the ozonated water-treated Streptococcus mutans, bacterial cells were stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. Fluorescence microscopic analysis revealed that S. mutans cells were killed instantaneously in ozonated water. Some breakage of ozonated water-treated S. mutans was found by electron microscopy. When the experimental dental plaque was exposed to ozonated water, the number of viable S. mutans remarkably decreased. Ozonated water strongly inhibited the accumulation of experimental dental plaque in vitro. After the dental plaque samples from human subjects were exposed to ozonated water in vitro, almost no viable bacterial cells were detected. These results suggest that ozonated water should be useful in reducing the infections caused by oral microorganisms in dental plaque.
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              Ozone therapy in medicine and dentistry.

              Efraim Olszewer Kantorovich, Patrícia Ferrari, Maureen Lage … (2007)
              The purpose of this review is to present the potential for the incorporation of ozone therapy into the practice of dentistry. Ozone gas has a high oxidation potential and is 1.5 times greater than chloride when used as an antimicrobial agent against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It also has the capacity to stimulate blood circulation and the immune response. Such features justify the current interest in its application in medicine and dentistry and have been indicated for the treatment of 260 different pathologies. It can be used for the treatment of alveolitis as a replacement for antibiotic therapy, as a mouthwash for reducing the oral microflora, as well as the adherence of microorganisms to tooth surfaces. Ozone has been shown to stimulate remineralization of recent caries-affected teeth after a period of about six to eight weeks. The future of ozone therapy must focus on the establishment of safe and well-defined parameters in accordance with randomized, controlled trials to determine the precise indications and guidelines in order to treat various medical and dental pathologies. Scientific support, as suggested by demonstrated studies, for ozone therapy presents a potential for an atraumatic, biologically-based treatment for conditions encountered in dental practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran Endod J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran Endod J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ICER
                Title: Iranian Endodontic Journal
                Publisher: Iranian Center for Endodontic Research
                ISSN (Print): 1735-7497
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2746
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 May 2013
                Publication date (Print): Spring 2013
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 40-43
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Iranian National Elite Foundation, Tehran, Iran
                [3 ]General Dental Practitioner, Hamedan, Iran
                [4 ]Orthodontics Department, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Saeed Asgary, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Evin, Tehran, Iran; Tel: +98-2122413897; Fax: +98-2122427753; Email: saasgary@ 123456yahoo.com .
                Article
                PMC ID: 3662033
                PubMed ID: 23717326
                SO-VID: e123bbf6-7c20-41c4-9dfd-802eabf517e4
                Copyright © Copyright © 2013, Iranian Endodontic Journal.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 06 December 2012
                Date revision received : 15 March 2013
                Date accepted : 01 April 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: antimicrobial,dentin bonding,endodontics,ozone,toxicity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: antimicrobial, dentin bonding, endodontics, ozone, toxicity

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